·µ»ØÊ×Ò³ | ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ |

µ«ÒÔÀíÊéµÚÈýÕÂ

ª´¡¡Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄ½ðÏñ£¨Èý1-30£©

£¨Ò»£©ÍõÉèÁ¢½ðÏñÈÃÈ˾´°Ý£¨Èý1-7£©

£¨¶þ£©Íõ²éÎʵ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑÊÇ·ñ¾Ü°Ý½ðÏñ£¨Èý8-18£©

£¨Èý£©ÍõÏÂÁîÉÕËÀµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑ£¨Èý19-23£©

£¨ËÄ£©Íõ¾ªÆ浫ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑÔÚ»ð«àÀïƽ°²ÎÞÊ£¨Èý24-27£©

£¨Î壩ÍõÌáÉýµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑ£¨Èý28-30£©

×ܽá

£¨Ò»£©ÍõÉèÁ¢½ðÏñÈÃÈ˾´°Ý£¨Èý1-7£©

1Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõÔìÁËÒ»¸ö½ðÏñ¡¢¸ßÁùÊ®Öâ¡¢¿íÁùÖâ¡¢Á¢ÔڰͱÈÂ×Ê¡¶ÅÀ­Æ½Ô­£®

2Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ²îÈ˽«×ܶ½¡¢ÇղѲ¸§¡¢ô«Ë¾¡¢·ªË¾¡¢Ä±Ê¿¡¢·¨¹Ù¡¢ºÍ¸÷Ê¡µÄ¹ÙÔ±¡¢¶¼ÕÙÁËÀ´¡¢ÎªÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõËùÁ¢µÄÏñ¡¢Ðпª¹âÖ®Àñ¡£

3ÓÚÊÇ×ܶ½¡¢ÇղѲ¸§¡¢ô«Ë¾¡¢·ªË¾¡¢Ä±Ê¿¡¢·¨¹Ù¡¢ºÍ¸÷Ê¡µÄ¹ÙÔ±¡¢¶¼¾Û¼¯ÁËÀ´¡¢ÒªÎªÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõËùÁ¢µÄÏñ¡¢Ðпª¹âÖ®Àñ¡¢¾ÍÕ¾ÔÚÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöËùÁ¢µÄÏñÇ°¡£

4ÄÇʱ´«ÁîµÄ¡¢´óÉùºô½Ð˵¡¢¸÷·½¡¢¸÷¹ú¡¢¸÷×åµÄÈËÄÄ¡¢¡²×åÔ­ÎÄ×÷ÉàÏÂͬ¡³ÓÐÁî´«ÓëÄãÃÇ£®

5ÄãÃÇÒ»Ìý¼û½Ç¡¢µÑ¡¢ÅýÅá¢ÇÙ¡¢Éª¡¢óÏ¡¢ºÍ¸÷ÑùÀÖÆ÷µÄÉùÒô¡¢¾Íµ±¸©·ü¾´°ÝÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ£®

6·²²»¸©·ü¾´°ÝµÄ¡¢±ØÁ¢Ê±ÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖС£

7Òò´Ë¸÷·½¡¢¸÷¹ú¡¢¸÷×åµÄÈËÃñ¡¢Ò»Ìý¼û½Ç¡¢µÑ¡¢ÅýÅá¢ÇÙ¡¢ÉªºÍ¸÷ÑùÀÖÆ÷µÄÉùÒô¡¢¾Í¶¼¸©·ü¾´°ÝÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡£

1.¡°½ðÏñ¡±£º²»Ò»¶¨ÊÇ´¿½ðÖý³É£¬¿ÉÄÜÖ»ÊÇÍâÃæ¶Æ½ð£¨ÈüËÄÊ®19£©£»ÄÚ²¿ÔòÊÇľͷËÜÔìµÄ¡£1ÕýÈç»áÄ»ÀïµÄ¼À̳ÊÇÔí¼ÔľÔìµÄ£¬µ«ÒòÓþ«½ð°ü¹ü£¬¹Ê³ÆΪ½ð̳£¨³öئÆß25£¬Ø¦¾Å38£©¡£

Õâ½ðÏñÓÐÈ˵ÄÐÎ×´£¬¾¿¾¹´ú±íʲôÄØ£¿²»ÉÙÈËÈÏΪÕâÏñÊÇÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄµñÏñ£¬2Òò͸¹ýµÚ¶þÕµÄÃΣ¬ËûÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÊÇ´óÏñµÄ½ðÍ·£¬¹Ê½¨ÔìÕâ×ù½ðÏñìÅÒ«×Ô¼º£¬ÓÖ¸øºóÈËÁô×÷¼ÍÄÕýÈçÇ°·ÆÂɱö×ÜͳÂí¿É˹ÔÚ±ÌÑþ¸½½üÓþ޴óÑÒʯµñÔä×Ô¼ºµÄФÏñ£¬ÒÔ±ãÓÀ´¹ÇàÊ·£©¡£

ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬Õâ×ù½ðÏñ¿ÉÄÜÊǼÇÄîÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöËù¾´°ÝµÄÂê¶ÈÉñ£»3¹Ê´Ë£¬µ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓѱ»¿Ø£º¡°²»Ê·îÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄÉñ¡±£¨Èý12¡¢14¡¢18£©¡£

ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÕâÁ½ÖÖ¼û½â²¢²»Ï໥µÖ´¥£¬Òò°Í±ÈÂ׵Ļʵ۴ú±íËûËù¾´·îµÄÉñÖ´ÐÐͳÖΣ¬4²»¾´°ÝÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöΪ×Ô¼ºËù½¨ÔìµÄÏñ£¬¾ÍµÈÓÚ²»Ê·îËûµÄÉñ¡£5

¡°¸ßÁùÊ®Ö⣬¿íÁùÖ⡱£ºÒ»ÖâԼΪ1.5³ß£¬¹ÊÏñ¸ß90³ß£¨Ô¼Îª27Ã×£©£¬¿í9³ß£¨2.7Ã×£©£»Æä±ÈÀýÊÇÒ»±ÈÊ®£¬¶øƽ³£È˵ıÈÀýÈ´ÊÇÒ»±ÈÎ壬¹Ê½ðÏñµÄÐÎ×´Ê®·Ö¹ÖÒ죬ÀàËÆÒ»×ùÏÔÑ۵ķ½¼âÐÎÊݳ¤µÄ±®Ê¯¡£½¨ÔìÒ»×ùÏàµÈÓÚÏÖÔڵľŲãÂ¥¸ßµÄ½ðÏñ£¬Ä¿µÄÎÞ·ÇÊÇҪʹԶ´¦µÄÈËÒ²¿ÉÒÔÒ£Ò£µÄÍû¼û¡£

ΪʲôÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÒÔ60ºÍ6ÕâÁ½¸öÊý×Ö×÷ΪÏñµÄ¸ß¶ÈºÍ¿í¶ÈÄØ£¿ÓÐÈËÏàÐÅ60¡Á6£½360£¬ÊǰͱÈÂ×ÄêÀúµÄÈÕ×Ó£¬±íʾһÄêÈý°ÙÁùÊ®ÈÕÈ«¹úÈËÃñ¶¼Òª°ÝÕâ½ðÏñ£»6ÓÖÓÐÈËÈÏΪ¡°Áù¡±ÊÇÈ˵ÄÊý×Ö£¬Æ©ÈçÆôʾ¼ÄǹÖÊÞµÄÊý×ÖÊÇÁù°ÙÁùÊ®Áù£¨ÆôÊ®Èý18£©£¬¹ÊÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄ½ðÏñÔ¤±íÈ˵ÄÊÆÁ¦¡£7

ÎÞ¿É·ñÈÏ£¬Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö½¨Ôì½ðÏñ£¬ÃüÁîÈ«¹úÈËÃñĤ°ÝËü£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇÏë½å´Ë°Ñ¹ú¼Òͳһ£¬½ÐÈËÖªµÀËû¾üÁ¦Ö®Ç¿Ê¢£¬Õ½ÎÞ²»Ê¤£¬ÄѹÖÆßʮʿÒë±¾ÔÚµÚÒ»½Ú¼ÓÉÏ¡°Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÔÚλµÚÊ®°ËÄ꣨¸ù¾ÝÍõÏÂØ¥Îå8£»Ò®ÎåÊ®¶þ12£¬ÕâÊÇËû¹¥ÏÝҮ·ÈöÀäµÄÄÇÒ»Ä꣩£¬ÒòÒѾ­Õ÷·þ´ÓÓ¡¶ÈÖÁ°£Ìá°¢²®µÄ¸÷Ê¡ÓëÈËÃñ£¬ËûÔìÁËÒ»¸ö½ðÏñ¡±£»¿ÉÊÇ£¬Ã»ÓÐÈκÎÖ¤¾ÝÈ·¶¨Íõ½¨Ôì½ðÏñÊÇÇì×£°Í±ÈÂ×¾ü¶ÓÕ¼ÁìÁËҮ·ÈöÀä¡£

¡°¶ÅÀ­Æ½Ô­\cs8¡±£º¡°¶ÅÀ­¡±ÊÇÒ»¸öÆÕ±éµÄ°Í±ÈÂ×Ãû×Ö£»¡°¶ÅÀ­Æ½Ô­¡±¿ÉÄÜλÓڰͱÈÂ׳Ƕ«Äϲ¿£¬Àë³ÇÁùÁ¨¡£8

2.¡°×ܶ½¡±£ºÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°±£»¤Õß¡±£¬9Ö¸»ÊµÛÔÚ¸÷ÇøµÄ´ú±í£¬Ò»Çøͨ³£ÊÇ°üÀ¨¼¸¸öÊ¡·Ý¡£

¡°Çղ£º×ܶ½ÊÖϵĸ߹٣¬¸ºÔðһʡµÄÕþÎñ¡£10ºÍºÏ±¾ÔøÒë´ËΪ¡°Ê¡³¤¡±£¨Ò®Îåʮһ23£©¡£

¡°Ñ²¸§¡±£º¸¨Öú×ܶ½¹ÜÀíµØ·½ÐÐÕþ£¬11ÈçÈöÂêÀûÑÇ»òÓÌ´óµÄѲ¸§£¨ÄáÎå14£©¡£

¡°ô«Ë¾¡±£ºÊǻʵ۵ĹËÎÊ¡£12

¡°·ªË¾¡±£º×¨¹Ü²ÆÕþÊÂÎñ¡£13

¡°Ä±Ê¿¡±£ºÖ÷Àí˾·¨µÄ¹¤×÷£¬ÓÐÈç½ñÈյķ¨¹Ù¡£14

¡°·¨¹Ù¡±£º´ÎÒ»µÈµÄ·¨¹Ù£¬ÉóÅнÏÇáµÄ×ïÐУ¬ÏàµÈÓÚ½ñÈյIJÃÅÐ˾¡£15

ÕâЩ¹Ù½×ÊÇÓÉÉÏÖÁÏ£¬Ç°Èý¸öÊǼ«¸ß¼¶µÄ¹ÙÖ°£¬ºóËĸö½ÏΪ´ÎÒ»µÈ¡£

¡°¿ª¹âÖ®Àñ¡±£º½ðÏñ½ÒÄ»µäÀñ¡£ÀàËÆËùÂÞÃŽ¨ÔìÊ¥µîÍê±ÏËù¾ÙÐеķîÏ×Àñ£¨ÍõÉÏ°Ë22f£©¡£µ±ÑÇÊöÍõÈöçí¸ùµÄ¹¬µîÂä³Éºó£¬ËûÒ²ÊÇÕÙ¼¯ÁËÓë±¾½ÚËùÁÐÏà·ÂµÄ¹ÙÔ±³öϯ½ÒÄ»Àñ¡£16

5.¡°½Ç¡±£ºÓÃÊÞƤÖƳɵĿڴµÀÖÆ÷£¨ÊéÁù16£©¡£

¡°µÑ¡±£º¿Ú´µµÄÀÖÆ÷£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄÁͯÓÃÀ´ºô»½«ÔÑò¹é¶ÓµÄ·çµÑ£¨Ê¿Îå16£©¡£

¡°ÅýÅá±£ºÊÇÒ»ÖÖÊúÇÙ£¬ÏÒµÄÊýÄ¿ÓÉÈýÖÁÊ®¶þÌõ²»µÈ¡£

¡°ÇÙ¡±£ºÈý½ÇÐεÄËÄÏÒÇÙ¡£17

¡°Éª¡±£ºÒ²ÊÇÈý½ÇÐεÄÏÒÇÙ£¨¿ÉÄÜÓжþÊ®ÌõÏÒÏߣ©¡£18

¡°óÏ¡±£ºÕâÓжàÖÖ½âÊÍ£¬ÓÐÒÔΪÊǹģ¬ÓÐÈËÏàÐÅÊÇî࣬ҲÓÐÈËÒÔΪÊÇ·çµÑ£¬ÏÖÓнâ×÷¡°ºÏ³ª¡±»ò¡°ºÏ×àµÄÉùÒô¡±¡£19

ÕâÁùÖÖÀÖÆ÷Ö®ÖУ¬ÓÐÈýÖÖÊÇÓÃÏ£À°Ãû×Ö£¨ÅýÅá¢Éª¡¢óÏ£©¹ÊÓÐѧÕßÒÔ´ËÖ§³Ö±¾ÊéÊÇдÓÚÖ÷Ç°µÚ¶þÊÀ¼ÍµÄÏ£À°Ê±´ú֮˵£¬µ«ÕâÀíÂÛÒѱ»·ñ¶¨¡£20

¡°ÁÒ»ð«à¡±£º»ðÑæ×îÃÍÁҵĻð«à¡£Ò®ÀûÃ×ÔøÔ¤ÑÔ¼ÙÏÈÖªÑǹþºÍÎ÷µ×¼Ò»á±»°Í±ÈÂ×Íõ·ÅÔÚ»ð«àÖÐÉÕËÀ£¨Ò®Ø¥¾Å21-23£©£¬¿É¼û°Í±ÈÂ×ÔçÒÑÊ©Ðлð«àµÄ¿áÐÌ¡£21

ÔÚµÚ¶þÕ£¬µ«ÒÔÀí¶ÔÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö˵£º¡°Äã¾ÍÊÇÄǽðÍ·¡±£¨¶þ38£©¼¤Ê¹ÍõΪ×Ô¼º½¨ÔìÁËÒ»×ùÊݳ¤µÄ½ðÏñ£»ËäÈ»ÕâÏñ¿ÉÄܵoÊǶƽðµÄ£¬µ«Ò²×ãÒÔÁîÈË̾Ϊ¹ÛÖ¹¡£

Õâ×ù½¨ÖþÔڰͱÈÂ׶«Äϲ¿µÄ½ðÏñ£¬Ò»·½Ãæ¼ûÖ¤ÁËÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄÎäÁ¦£»ÁíÒ»·½ÃæÒ²´ú±íÁ˰ͱÈÂ×µÄ×ڽ̺ÏÒ»£»ÒòΪËùÓеĹúÃñ£¬°üÀ¨×î¸ß¼¶µÄ¹ÙÔ±£¬¶¼Òª³öϯ½ðÏñµÄ½ÒÄ»Àñ£¬²¢ÒªÔÚ¶àÖÖÀÖÉù×àÆðÖ®¼Ê£¬Á¢¿ÌÏòÏñ¸©·üÏ°ݡ£

ΪʲôÐèÒªÕâÑù¶àµÄÀÖÆ÷ÄØ£¿ºÁÎÞÒÉÎʵأ¬È˶àÊÆÖÚµÄÀÖ¶Ó²»µ«Ê¹³¡ÃæׯÑÏΰ´ó£¬Ò²·´Ó³³ö°Í±ÈÂ×¹ú£¨ÓÈÆäÊÇÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö£©µÄΰ´ó¡£

Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÏÂÁîÈ«¹úÈËÃñĤ°Ý½ðÏñ£¬ÒÔÇó´ïµ½ÍòÖÚÒ»ÐÄ֮ĿµÄ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÈ˵¨¸Ò²»Èç´ËÐУ¬¾ÍµÈÓÚ¡°ÌêËûÑÛü¡±£¬£¨±à°´£º¹ã¶«»°£¬¼´Ö¸²»¸øÃæ×Ó£©Ò²±íʾ¹«¿ªÎ¥¿¹ËûµÄÃüÁÕâ×ÔÈ»ÊÇËûËù²»ÄܽÓÊܵġ£¹Ê´Ë£¬ËûÒ²ÏÂÁ·²Î¥ÁîÕ߱ر»¶ªÔÚ»ð«àÀÈκÎÓÐÀíÐÔµÄÈËÒ²²»»áÄÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÔÃüÀ´¿ªÍæЦ£¬ÒÔÉíÊÔ·¨¡£Ë­ÁÏ£¬µ±ÀÖÉù×àÆðʱ£¬¾¹ÓÐÈý¸ö±»Â°»ØÀ´µÄÓÌÌ«ÈË£¬¹«È»²»Ïò½ðÏñÏ°ݡ£

1 ˼¸ß85; ¿¼¹Åѧ¼Ò·¢ÏÖ²»ÉٰͱÈÂ×µÄÉñÏñ£¬¶¼ÊÇÍâÃæ¶ÆÉϽð£¬Baldwin, 99.

2 Baldwin, 96; Jerome, 35; Delcor, 91.

3 Hartman, 161; Lacocque, 58.

4 IBD, 852; TDNT V. I, 564-593; °£¼°ÈËÈ´ÊÓ·¨ÀÏΪÉñ¡£ÓëÑÇÊöºÍ°Í±ÈÂ׶Իʵۿ´·¨²»Í¬¡£

5 Young, 84.

6 ËÕ×ôÑ37¡£

7 Unger, 1621; IBD, 1098; NIDNTT, II. 683-704; ÉñÔÚµÚÁùÌìÔìÈË£¨´´Ò»27£©£¬ÈË×ö¹¤ÁùÌ죨³ö¶þÊ®9£©£¬¹Ê"Áù"ÓëÈËÁ¬ÔÚÒ»Æð¡£

8 µÚÒ»Ìá³öÕâ¸ö¿ÉÄÜÐÔµÄÊÇOppert, Expe*dition scientifique en Me*sopotamie, I, 238ff; ¸úªå¾Í±»D~Envieu ÒýÓã¬J.F. D~Envieu, Le livre du prophe&te Daniel 4 Vols.£¨Paris, 1888-1891£©, 228ff; Montgomery £¨197£©ºÍYoung£¨85£©¶¼ÔÞͬ¡£»¹ÓÐE.G. Kraeling, Rand McNally Bible Atlas£¨Rand McNally, 1966£©, 322.¡°¶ÅÀ­¡±ÔڰͱÈÂ×ÎÄÒâΪ¡°³Çǽ¡±£¬ÕâÏÔʾ³öµ«ÒÔÀíÊéµÄ×÷ÕßÊìïþ°Í±ÈÂ×Ãû×ÖÓëµØÀí¡£

9 ´ËÑÇÀ¼ÎÄÔ´ÓÚÂê´úµÄkhshathrapanva£¬ºóΪ²¨Ë¹½èÓ㻲ÎWiseman,14; Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪ²¨Ë¹µÄh]s%at[ra-pavan ÄËÀ´×ÔÑǼ×ÎĵÄah\s%adrapanu; CAD I, 195.

10 ´ÓÑǼ×ÎÄ\cs21s%aknu½èÀ´¡£

11 ½èÓÃÑǼ×ÎÄpah\atu.

12 Ô´ÓڹŲ¨Ë¹ÎĵÄhandarza-kara.

13 À´×Ô²¨Ë¹ÎÄganzabara.

14 Ô´×Ô²¨Ë¹ÎÄdatabara.

15 À´×Ô²¨Ë¹ÎÄtayu-pata.

16 B. Meissner, Babylonien und Assyrien£¨1920-25£©, 71

17 Hartman, 157; ÓйØÒÔÉ«ÁÐÈ˵ÄÀÖÆ÷£¬²ÎO.R. Sellers "Musical Instruments of Israel" in Biblical Archaeological Reader, 93.

18 Baldwin, 102; pesanteri^nÆßʮʿÒë×÷ psalterion, Ó¢ÎĵÄPsalter£¨Ê«Æª£©¼´Ô´ÓÚ´Ë£»E. Yamauehi, Greece and Babylon£¨Baker, 1967£©, 17-84.

19 ËÕ×ôÑ39; T.C. Mitchell and R. Joyce, "The Musical Instruments in Nebuchadrezzar's Orchestra" in Wiseman, 19-27.¡°óÏ¡±µÄÑÇÀ¼ÎÄÊÇsu^mponeya^, Ó¢ÎĵĽ»ÏìÀÖ£¨Symphony£©Ô´ÓÚ´Ë¡£

20 ¾ÍËãMontgomeryÒ²³ÐÈÏÕâЩ×ֻ㲻ÊÇÓÐЧµÄÓïÑÔѧ֤¾Ý£¬Ö¤Ã÷µ«ÒÔÀíÊéдÓÚÏ£À°Ê±´ú£¬Ã×Àյ£¬776; Ò²¿É²ÎK. Kitchen, "The Aramaic of Daniel" in Wiseman, 50; P.W. Coxon, "Greek Loan-Words and Alleged Greek Loan Translations in the Book of Daniel" in Transactions of Glasgow University Oriental Society, 25: 24-40.

21 ANET, 627f, ШÐÎÎÄ×ֵķ¨ÂÉÒ²Ìáµ½ÕâÖÖÐÌ·££¬Ä®Ä£À­±È·¨µäÒ²ÓÐÈýÌõ»ðÐ̵ÄÌõÎÄ£¨25, 110, 157£©£»ÕâЩ»ð«àÔ­ÊÇÉÕשÓõġ£SteinmannÔøÌá³öÈËÔÚ»ð«àÉÕËÀµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ËûµÄÀíÂÛȴûÓй㷺µØ±»²ÉÄÉ£¬²ÎJ. Steinmann, Daniel: Texte francais, introduction et commentaires£¨Descle*e de Brouwer, 1961£©, 57. ʱ´úÖ÷ÒåÅÉϲ»¶°Ñ»ð«àµÄÐÌ·£ÓëÖ÷ÔÙÀ´Ç°µÄ´óÔÖÄÑ´®Á¬ÆðÀ´£¬ÕâµoÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼ÙÉ裬Unger,1662.

£¨¶þ£©Íõ²éÎʵ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑÊÇ·ñ¾Ü°Ý½ðÏñ£¨Èý8-18£©

8ÄÇʱÓм¸¸öåÈÀÕµ×ÈË¡¢½øÇ°À´¿Ø¸æÓÌ´óÈË£®

9ËûÃǶÔÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ˵¡¢Ô¸ÍõÍòË꣮

10Íõ°¢¡¢ÄãÔø½µÖ¼Ëµ¡¢·²Ìý¼û½Ç¡¢µÑ¡¢ÅýÅá¢ÇÙ¡¢Éª¡¢óÏ¡¢ºÍ¸÷ÑùÀÖÆ÷ÉùÒôµÄ¡¢¶¼µ±¸©·ü¾´°Ý½ðÏñ¡£

11·²²»¸©·ü¾´°ÝµÄ¡¢±ØÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖУ®

12ÏÖÔÚÓм¸¸öÓÌ´óÈË¡¢¾ÍÊÇÍõËùÅɹÜÀí°Í±ÈÂ×Ê¡ÊÂÎñµÄɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢Íõ°¢¡¢ÕâЩÈ˲»ÀíÄã¡¢²»Ê·îÄãµÄÉñ¡¢Ò²²»¾´°ÝÄãËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡£

13µ±Ê±Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¬Ö¬Ö´óÅ­¡¢·Ô¸ÀÈË°ÑɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è´ø¹ýÀ´¡¢ËûÃǾͰÑÄÇЩÈË´øµ½ÍõÃæÇ°¡£

14Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÎÊËûÃÇ˵¡¢É³µÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢ÄãÃDz»Ê·îÎÒµÄÉñ¡¢Ò²²»¾´°ÝÎÒËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡¢ÊǹÊÒâµÄô£®

15ÄãÃÇÔÙÌý¼û½Ç¡¢µÑ¡¢ÅýÅá¢ÇÙ¡¢Éª¡¢óÏ¡¢ºÍ¸÷ÑùÀÖÆ÷µÄÉùÒô¡¢Èô¸©·ü¾´°ÝÎÒËùÔìµÄÏñ¡¢È´»¹¿ÉÒÔ¡¢Èô²»¾´°Ý¡¢±ØÁ¢Ê±ÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖС¢ÓкÎÉñÄܾÈÄãÃÇÍÑÀëÎÒÊÖÄØ¡£

16ɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢¶ÔÍõ˵¡¢Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö°¢¡¢Õâ¼þÊÂÎÒÃDz»±Ø»Ø´ðÄ㣮

17¼´±ãÈç´Ë¡¢ÎÒÃÇËùÊ·îµÄ¡¡Éñ¡¢Äܽ«ÎÒÃÇ´ÓÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖоȳöÀ´£®Íõ°¢¡¢ËûÒ²±Ø¾ÈÎÒÃÇÍÑÀëÄãµÄÊÖ£®

18¼´»ò²»È»¡¢Íõ°¢¡¢Äãµ±ÖªµÀÎÒÃǾö²»Ê·îÄãµÄÉñ¡¢Ò²²»¾´°ÝÄãËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡£

8.¡°åÈÀÕµ×ÈË¡±£ºÖ¸Í³ÖΰͱÈÂ×¹úµÄÈËÃñ£¨²ÎÒ»4£©£¬ÓëÏÂÎĵġ°ÓÌ´óÈË¡±£¨12½Ú£©³É¶Ô±È¡£Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÖ¸ÔÚ¹¬Í¢ËźòµÄÕ¼ÐǼң¨¶þ2£©£¬ËûÃÇÊǵ«ÒÔÀíÈýλÅóÓѵÄͬÁÅ¡£

¡°¿Ø¸æ¡±£ºÖ±ÒëÊÇ¡°Ëº¿ªÖðÒ»Í̳ԡ±£¬22Ç¿µ÷åÈÀÕµ×ÈËÐļ«¶ñ¶¾£¬Îñ±ØÒªÖÃÕ⼸¸öÓÌÌ«ÈËÓÚËÀµØ£»ËûÃǵĿظæÊÇÓÐƾ¾ÝµÄ£¬¿ÉÊÇ£¬¶¯»úÈ´ÁîÈ˸п®Íò·Ö¡£

12.¡°ÍõËùÅɹÜÀí°Í±ÈÂ×Ê¡ÊÂÎñµÄ¡±£ºÕâÏÔʾ³öËûÃǿظ浫ÒÔÀíÈý¸öÅóÓѵÄÖ÷Òò©¤©¤¼µ¶Ê£»ÒòÍö¹úÅ«¾¹È»³ÉΪËûÃǵÄÉÏ˾¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¸üÊǸñÍâ·ÞÅ­£¬ÒòÕâÈý¸ö±¾ÊDZ»Â°»ØÀ´µÄÓÌÌ«ÈË£¬ÔÚ±»ÌáÉýΪ°Í±ÈÂ×Ê¡µÄ¸ß¹Ùºó£¬¾¹È»¹«¿ªÎ¥¿¹ËûµÄÃüÁ²»Öª¸Ð¶÷ͼ±¨Ö®ÐÄʵÔÚ±í¶ÎÞÒÅ¡£

¡°²»ÀíÄ㡱£º²»°ÑÍõ·ÅÔÚÑÛÄÚ£¬Ò²²»ÖØÊÓÍõµÄ˵»°¡£

¡°²»°ÝÄãËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡±£º²»ÌýÃü£¬²»ÖÒÓÚÍõ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊDz»×ð¾´ÍõËù´ú±íµÄÉñÃ÷¡£

13.¡°¬Ö¬Ö´óÅ­¡±£º¶þÕÂÊ®¶þ½ÚµÄ¡°Æø·Þ·Þ´ó·¢ÁÒÅ­¡±£¬ºÍÉÔºóÔÚÈýÕÂÊ®¾Å½ÚµÄ¡°ËûÅ­ÆøÌîÐØ¡±¶¼·´Ó³³öÍõµoÒªÉÔ²»ÈçÒ⣬»òÓÐÈ˲»ÒÀ´ÓËûµÄ»°£¬±ãÁ¢¿Ì´ó·¢Æ¢Æø¡£23Íõ±»¼¤Å­£¬ÏÔʾåÈÀÕµ×È˿ظæ³É¹¦¡£

¡°·Ô¸ÀÈË°ÑɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è´ø¹ýÀ´¡±£ºÕâ´ÎËûËäÈ»ÉúÆø£¬È´Ã»ÓÐʧȥÀíÖÇ£¬ÉÐÖªµÀÒª×ñÐÐ˾·¨³ÌÐò£¬ÏÈÉóÎÊ£¬ºóÐÌ·££»Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòËû²»ÏàÐÅåÈÀÕµ×È˵Ŀظ档ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑÊDZ»À¦°óªå´øµ½ÍõµÄÃæÇ°£¬24Ê¥¾­È´Ã»ÓÐÕâÑùµÄÃèÊö¡£

14.¡°ÊǹÊÒâµÄô¡±£ºÓ¦×÷¡°ÊÇÕæµÄô¡±£¿25Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö±íʾ²»ÏàÐÅËûÃÇÈýÈË»áÎ¥ÁÇÒ¸øÓèËûÃÇ»ú»á²¹¾È£¬ÒÔ±£´æÐÔÃü£»Ìõ¼þÊÇËûÃDZØÐëÏò½ðÏñ¸©·üÏ°ݡ£

15.¡°ÓкÎÉñÄܾÈÄãÃÇÍÑÀëÎÒµÄÊÖ¡±£º·¨ÀÏÔøÎʹýÀàËƵÄÎÊÌ⣺¡°Ò®ºÍ»ªÊÇË­£¬Ôõ¿ÉÒÔ½ÐÎÒÈÃÒÔÉ«ÁÐÈËÇ°ÍùÎ÷ÄËɽ¡±£¨³öÎå2£©£¬Î÷ÄûùÁ¢Í¸¹ýËûµÄ³¼ÆÍÀ­²®É³»ùÒ²ÔøÏòÓÌÌ«ÈËÐû¸æ£º¡°ÄѵÀÒ®ºÍ»ªÄܾÈҮ·ÈöÀäÍÑÀëÎÒµÄÊÖô£¿¡±£¨ÍõÏÂÊ®°Ë35£©£»Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö½«»áÄ¿¶ÃÉϵÛÆæÃîµÄÕü¾È£¬ÕýÈçÎ÷ÄûùÁ¢ºóÀ´µÄ¾­Àú£¨²ÎÍõÏÂÊ®¾Å36£©£»µ½Ê±£¬ËûµÄ¿ñÍý±ã»áÔÆÏûÑÌÉ¢¡£

16.¡°Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö°¡¡±£ºËûÃÇÕâÑùÖ±³ÆÍõµÄÃû×ÖÊÇ·ñ²»ÀñòÄØ£¿ÓÐÈËÈÏΪÕâ²¢²»Êdzƺô£¬ÒòÔ­ÎÄÓ¦Òë×÷¡°ËûÃǻشðÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ¡±¡£26ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ËûÃÇÖ±ºôÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄÃû×Ö£¬ÊDZíÃ÷ÒÑ×÷ºÃ×¼±¸Ãæ¶Ô×µÄºó¹û¶øÄþËÀ²»Çü£»ÔÙÕߣ¬Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¼ÈȻǿ±ÆËûÃǰݽðÏñ£¬Ò²¾Í²»ÅäÔÙ½ÓÊÜËûÃǵÄ×ð¾´¡£27

¡°Õâ¼þÊÂÎÒÃDz»±Ø»Ø´ðÄ㡱£ºµÚÒ»£¬ÎÒÃÇûÓÐÈκβµ±çµÄÀíÓÉ£¬ÒòÎÒÃǵÄȷûÓжøÇÒÒ²²»»á°ÝÄãµÄ½ðÏñ¡£µÚ¶þ£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÐëÔÚÄãÃæǰΪ×Ô¼º±ç»¤£¬Òò×ÔÖªËù×öµÄ²¢Ã»ÓÐʲô²»¶Ô¡£28µÚÈý£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÐëÏòÄã¶à½âÊÍ£¬ÒòΪҮºÍ»ª±ØÕü¾ÈÎÒÃÇ£¬Õ⽫ÊÇ×îÓÐÁ¦µÄ±çÖ¤¡£

17.¡°¼´±ãÈç´Ë¡±£ºÖ±ÒëÊÇ¡°Èç¹û¡±£¬29ËûÃǸæËßÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¡°Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÄÜ°ÑÎÒÃÇ´Ó»ð«àÖоȳöÀ´£¬µk±Ø¶¨»á¾ÈÎÒÃÇÍÑÀëÄãµÄÊÖ¡£¡±Õ§ÌýÆðÀ´£¬ËûÃǺÃÏñ»³ÒÉÉϵÛÕü¾ÈµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬¶ø²»¸Ò¿Ï¶¨Éϵ۱ØÄÜÕü¾ÈËûÃÇ¡£ÆäʵËûÃǵÄÒâ˼ÄËÊÇ£º¡°ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÉϵ۱ØÄÜÕü¾È£¬µ«ÎÒÃÇÊÇ»ñ¾È£¬»òÊDZ»»ðÉÕËÀ£¬ÄËÈ«ÔÚµkµÄÖ¼ÒâÖ®ÖУ»ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬¾ÍËãµk²»Õü¾È£¬»ò²»ÄÜÕü¾È£¨ÕâÊÇ18½Ú¡°¼´»ò²»È»¡±µÄÒâ˼£©£¬ÎÒÃÇÄþËÀÒ²²»¾´°ÝÍõËùÁ¢µÄ½ðÏñ¡±£¨18½Ú£©¡£ËûÃDz»ÊÇ»³ÒÉÉϵ۵ÄÄÜÁ¦£¬µoÊDZíʾʩÐÐÕü¾ÈµÄÖ÷ȨÄËÔÚÓÚµk£¬ÒòΪµkÊÇÖ÷£¬µkËæ×Ô¼ºµÄÖ¼ÒâÐÐÊ£»ÎÞÂÛµk²åÊÖÕü¾ÈÓë·ñ£¬ËûÃǶ¼»á¼á³ÖÖÁËÀÖÒÐÄ¡£

͸¹ýµÚÒ»Õº͵ڶþÕµľ­Ñ飬ËûÃÇÈýÈË×Ô֪ʷîµÄÉϵۣ¨ÕâÓë18½Ú¡°¾ö²»Ê·îÄãµÄÉñ¡±³ÉÇ¿ÁҶԱȣ¬Á½½ÚµÄ¡°Ê·ÊÇͬһ¸öÑÇÀ¼×Ö£©ÓÐÄÜÁ¦Õü¾ÈËûÃÇÍÑÀëÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöµÄÊÖ£»Òò´Ë£¬¶ÔÓÚÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöËùÌá³öµÄÎÊÌ⣺¡°ÓкÎÉñÄܾÈÄãÃÇÍÑÀëÎÒµÄÊÖ¡±£¬ËûÃǵĴð¸²ÊÇ£º¡°ÎÒÃÇËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÄܾÈÎÒÃÇÍÑÀëÄãµÄÊÖ¡±¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ËûÃDz¹³ä£º¡°ËäÈ»ÎÒÃǵÄÉϵÛÓÐÄÜÁ¦Õü¾È£¬µ«ÎÒÃÇÈ´²»ÖªµÀµkÊÇ·ñ»áÕü¾È¡£¶øÇÒ£¬Õü¾ÈÓë·ñ£¬¶ÔÎÒÃDz¢²»ÖØÒª£»ÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÄþ¿ÉѳÄÑ£¬Ò²²»»á°ÝÍõµÄ½ðÏñ£¬Ê·îÍõµÄÉñ¡£¡±30ËûÃÇÈýÈ˵Ä̬¶È£¬ÀàËÆÔ¼²®µÄÐÄÉù£º¡°µkËäɱÎÒ£¬ÎÒÈÔÒªÐÅÀµ¡±£¨²®Ê®Èý15£©¡£

±¾¶ÎÖ÷ÒªÐðÊöåÈÀÕµ×ÈËÒò¼µ¶Ê¶øÏòÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¸æ·¢µ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÍõÅÌÎÊËûÃÇÈýÈ˵ľ­¹ý¡£×÷ÕߵĽáÂÛÊÇÊ®·ÖÇå³þµÄ£ºÈç¹ûÕÆȨÕßµÄÃüÁîÓëÉϵ۵ÄÃüÁÏàµÖ´¥£¬¾Í±ØÐëÑ¡Ôñ˳·þÉñ£¬Î¥¿¹ÕÆȨÕßµÄÃüÁî¡£

×÷ÕßÊ×ÏÈÖ¸³öåÈÀÕµ×ÈËÏòÍõͶËߣ¨8½Ú£©£¬ÔÙ˵Ã÷¿ØËßµÄÖص㣨9-12½Ú£©£¬´ÓËûÃǵĿڸü´ø³öͶËß±³ºóµÄ¶¯»úÄËÊǼµ¶Ê£ºÈý¸öÍö¹úÅ«¾¹È»³ÉΪ°Í±ÈÂ×Ê¡µÄ¸ß¹Ù£¬åÈÀÕµ×ÈËÒªÖÃËûÃÇÓÚËÀµØÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÃ÷°×µÄ£»´ó«³±»É¨Âޱƺ¦£¬»ù¶½±»È˶¤ÔÚÊ®¼ÜÉÏ£¬¶¼ÊÇÓë¼µ¶ÊÓйأ¨Ì«Ø¥Æß18£©¡£

ÍõÐý¼´´«Áî´øËûÃÇÈýÈËÇ°À´£¨13½Ú£©£»ÅÌÎÊËûÃÇÊÇ·ñÈçåÈÀÕµ×ÈËËù˵µÄ²»Ïò½ðÏñÏ°ݣ¨14½Ú£©£¬È»ºó¸øÓèËûÃÇÁíÒ»»ú»á°Ý½ðÏñ£¨15½ÚÉÏ£©£¬²¢¼ÓÉÏÍþÏÅ£¨15½ÚÏ°µÊ¾Ã»ÓÐÈκÎһλÉñ¿ÉÒÔÕü¾È£¬¹Êµ±ÌýÃüÏ°ݣ¬Ãâ±»ÉÕËÀ£©¡£

ÈýÈ˵ĻشðÖµµÃÎÒÃÇ·ÂЧ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬ËûÃDZíÃ÷²»±ØÓÃÑÔÓïΪ×Ô¼º±ç»¤£¬²¢ÒªÒÔÐж¯À´±íÏÖ³öËûÃǶÔÉñµÄÖÒÐÄ£¨»ù¶½ÔÚÊÀËù×÷µÄ¹¤×÷´ó²¿·ÝÊǽ²µÀ£¬µ«Ãæ¶ÔÏ£ÂÉÍõʱȴһÑÔ²»·¢£¬ÔÚÊ®¼ÜÉÏ£¬ËûµÄ»°Ò²ÊÇÉÙÖ®ÓÖÉÙ£©£»31¸úªåËûÃÇÐû¸æÉîÐÅËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÄܹ»²åÊÖ¼ÓÒÔÕü¾È£¬µ«ËûÃǶÔÉϵ۵ÄÖÒÐÄ£¬È´²»Êǽ¨»ùÓÚÉϵ۵ÄÕü¾È£»Æäʵ£¬ÎÞÂÛÉϵÛÕü¾ÈÓë·ñ£¬ËûÃǶ¼Ô¸ÒâÖÁËÀ˳·þµkµÄ°²ÅÅ¡£ËûÃǵĻ°£¨16-17½Ú£©ÕýÊÇ»ù¶½ÔÚ¿ÍÎ÷ÂíÄáÔ°ÄÇΰ´óµÄµ»¸æµÄ»ØÏ죺¡°¸¸°¡£¬ÔÚÄ㷲ʶ¼ÄÜ£¬ÇóÄ㽫Õâ±­³·È¥£¬È»¶ø²»Òª´ÓÎÒµÄÒâ˼£¬Ö»Òª´ÓÄãµÄÒâ˼¡±£¨¿ÉÊ®ËÄ36£©¡£ËûÃÇÈýÈ˺ÍÖ÷»ù¶½¶¼Í¬ÒâÊ«È˵ÄÐû¸æ£º¡°ÎÒÃǵÄÉϵÛÔÚÌìÉÏ£¬¶¼Ëæ×Ô¼ºµÄÖ¼ÒâÐÐÊ¡±£¨Ê«Ò»Ò»Îå3£¬±È½Ïµ«¶þ18¡¢19¡¢28¡¢36¡¢44¡°ÌìÉϵÄÉϵۡ±£©¡£

22 "eat their pieces"ÊÇÑǼ×Îij£Óõıí´ï·½Ê½£¬¼´ÊÇ¡°Îܸ桱»ò¡°ÖÐÉË¡±£¬Montgomery, 204; Ê«Ê®Îå3µÄ¡°»Ù°ù¡±ÔÚÑÇÀ¼ÎÄÊ¥¾­ÓÃͬһ¸öÑÇÀ¼ÎÄ×Ö¡£

23 ²»³ÉÊìµÄÈËÉÔÓö´ìÕÛ»ò²»ÄÜÁ¢Ê±µÃµ½ÏëÒªµÄ¶«Î÷£¬±ã»á¾ÚÉ¥ºÍ·¢Æ¢Æø£»Paul Hauck, How to do what you want to do£¨The Westminster Press, 1976£©, 19.

24 Àï°º£¬45¡£

25 Montgomery, 205-207; F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic£¨O. Harrassowitz, 1961£©, 40; Õâ×ÖÔÚÑÇÀ¼ÎĵÄÌÕƬÉϳöÏÖ¹ý£¬ÒÔÖÂÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒԿ϶¨ËüµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ"Õæʵ"£¬²ÎM. Lidzbarski, Altarama/ische Urkunden aus Assur£¨1921£©, 12.

26 Young, 90; Hartman, 157.

27 È«Õ¡°Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ¡±Õâ¾ä»°³öÏÖÁ˾ŴΣ¬Èç¹û×÷ÕßÕâÀïԭҪ˵¡°Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ¡±£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÏñÆäËû¾Å´¦Ð´Çå³þÄØ£¿ËûÃDz»Ë³´ÓÍõµÄÃüÁÒòÍõµÄÃüÁî´íÎó£»µÚ¶þ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½½áÊø£¬Ã˹úÔڵ¹úÄáÂ×±¤£¨Nuremberg£©ÉóѶÄÉ´âµ³ÓàÊ£·Ö×Ó£¬Ö¸³öÒ»¸ö¾üÈËÓ¦¸Ã²»Ë³·þ³¤¹ÙµÄÃüÁÈç¹û¸ÃÃüÁîÊDz»ºÏ·¨£»"Taking Blame" Newsweek£¨July,1987£©, 22.

28 Unger, 1623; Criswell, 116f.

29 Montgomery, 206; Young, 91; Baldwin, 104. P.W. Coxon,"Daniel III 17: A Linguistic and Theological Problem" VT 26: 400-405; ~i^t[ai ±»ÊÓΪ¼ÓÖØÓïÆøµÄ¸¨Öú´Ê£¨particle of emphasis£©, ²ÎJB, NEBµÄ·­Òë¡£

30 ÓÐѧÕßËäÔÞͬhe{nÓ¦×÷"Èç¹û"£¬È´ÈÏΪ17½ÚÄËÖ¸"Èç¹ûÄ㽫ÎÒÃÇÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ð«àÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÄܽ«ÎÒÃÇ´ÓÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖоȳöÀ´"£¬ËûÃÇÈÏΪÕâÑùµÄ·­Òë¿ÉÃâÈ¥¶ÁÕßÎó»á"Éñ²»ÊÇÈ«ÄÜ"µÄÚ¹ÊÍ£»µ«ÊÇ£¬ËûÃÇÈÔȻûÓнâ¾ö18½Ú¡°¼´»ò²»È»¡±µÄÎó»á£¬Òò¸Ã´¦Ã÷ÏÔÊÇ"Èç¹ûÉñ²»ÄÜÕü¾È"£» Montgomery 209¡£±ÊÕßͬÒâ¸Ç¶û£¨Keil£©µÄ¿´·¨£¬±¾¶Î¾­ÎÄËùÂÛµ½µÄÄܹ»Óë·ñ£¬ÄËÖ¸Éñ¡°Â×ÀíµÄÄÜÁ¦¡±£¨ethical ability£©ÊÜÏÞÖÆ£¬ÒòµkÒª°´Ê¥½àºÍ¹«ÒåÊ©ÐеkµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÉæ¼°ÉñµÄÈ«ÄÜ£¨omnipotence£©£»²ÎYoung, 91. Leupold£¨152£©½¨Ò飺¡°Èç¹ûµkÄܹ»¡±Ó¦ÏàµÈ¡°Èç²»ÊǺϵkÖ¼Ò⡱£¬ÕâÊǺÏÀíµÄÍÆÂÛ¡£Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪ17½ÚµÄ¡°Èç¹û¡±£¬ÄËÖ¸¡°Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÒ»¶¨Òª»Ø´ðÄãµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃǾ͸æËßÄ㣺ÎÒÃÇËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÄܽ«ÎÒÃÇ´ÓÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖоȳöÀ´¡±£¬ÕâÓëÉÏÏÂÎIJ»ÎǺϣ»James A. Wharton, "Dan. 3: 16-18" Interpretation 39: 170-176£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ172.

31 »ªÀÕ˹£¬66¡£

£¨Èý£©ÍõÏÂÁîÉÕËÀµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑ£¨Èý19-23£©

19µ±Ê±Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÅ­ÆøÌîÐØ¡¢ÏòɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢±äÁËÁ³É«¡¢·Ô¸ÀÈË°Ñ«àÉÕÈÈ¡¢±ÈÑ°³£¸ü¼ÓÆß±¶£®

20ÓÖ·Ô¸ÀËû¾üÖеļ¸¸ö׳ʿ¡¢½«É³µÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸èÀ¦ÆðÀ´¡¢ÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖС£

21ÕâÈýÈË´©ªå¿ã×Ó¡¢ÄÚÅÛ¡¢ÍâÒ¡¢ºÍ±ðµÄÒ·þ¡¢±»À¦ÆðÀ´ÈÓÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖС£

22ÒòΪÍõÃü½ô¼±¡¢«àÓÖÉõÈÈ¡¢ÄÇ̧ɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸èµÄÈË¡¢¶¼±»»ðÑæÉÕËÀ¡£

23ɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢ÕâÈý¸öÈË¡¢¶¼±»À¦ªåÂäÔÚÁÒ»ðµÄ«àÖС£

19.¡°±äÁËÁ³É«¡±£º¡°É«¡±Ô­×÷¡°Ïñ¡±£¬ÓëÍõËù½¨µÄ¡°Ïñ¡±Í¬Ò»¸ö×Ö£¬32×÷Õ߷·ð°µÊ¾£º²»µ«Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõÁ³É«´ó±ä£¬ËûËùÔìµÄÏñ¶ÔËûÃÇÈýÈ˵ĻشðÒ²ÎÅ֮ɫ±ä¡£

¡°±ÈÑ°³£¼ÓÆß±¶¡±£º¡°Æß±¶¡±ÊÇÏóÕ÷ÐÔµÄÊýÄ¿£¬ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ°Ñ»ð«àÉÕµÃ×îÈÈ£»¡°Æß¡±ÔÚÊ¥¾­Öг£Óë¡°ÐÌ·£¡±ÏàÁ¬£¨ÀûØ¥Áù18-24£»óðÁù31£©¡£¡°Æß¡±Êǵ«ÒÔÀíÊéÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄÊýÄ¿£¨²ÎËÄ16¡¢23¡¢25£¬¾Å25£¬»¹ÓоÅ2¡¢24µÄ¡°ÆßÊ®¸öÆß¡±£¬Æß25Óë¾Å27µÄ¡°Ò»ÆßÖ®°ë¡±£©¡£33

21.¡°¿ã×Ó¡¢ÄÚÅÛ¡¢ÍâÒ¡±£ºÕâÊÇ´ó³¼ÔÚ¹¬Í¢Ëù´©µÄÀñ·þ£¬34¡°¿ã×Ó¡±ÓÐ×÷¡°ÅûÔÚÍâÃæµÄ¶·Å£¬35¡°ÄÚÅÛ¡±Ö¸³ÄÒ£¬36¡°ÍâÒ¡±¿Ï¶¨ÊÇ¡°Í·½í¡±¡£37

22.¡°¶¼±»»ðÑæÉÕËÀ¡±£ºÖ´ÐÌÕ߶¼±»ÉÕËÀ£¬³ÄÍгöÈýÈËËùµÃµÄÕü¾ÈÊÇÉñ¼££¬Êdz¬×ÔÈ»µÄ¡£°Í±ÈÂ×È˾´°Ý¡°»ðÉñ¡±£¬µ«¡°»ð¡±È´Ã»ÓжÔÕâЩ°Í±ÈÂ×ÈËÊÖÏÂÁôÇ飻ÏÂÎĸüÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿´¼û°Í±ÈÂ׵ĻðÉñÉ˺¦²»Á˵«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑ¡£

µ±Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÌý¼ûËûÃÇÈýÈËÄÇÓÐÁ¦µÄ»Ø´ðºó£¬Á¢¿Ì´ó·¢À×öª£¬ÏÂÁʱ´¦ËÀËûÃÇ¡£

Íõ·Ô¸À×îǿ׳¡¢¿×ÎäÓÐÁ¦µÄ±øÊ¿°ÑËûÃÇÈý¸öÎ廨´ó°ó°ãÀ¦ÆðÀ´ÈÓÔÚ»ð«àÀÃâµÃËûÃÇÕõÔúÆóͼÌÓÍÑ¡£

ΪÁ˽ÐËûÃDZØËÀÎÞÒÉ£¬ÍõÓÖÏÂÁî°Ñ»ð«àÉÕÖÁ×îÀ÷º¦µÄÈȶȣ»ÓÉÓÚ»ðÑæÌ«ÃÍÁÒ£¬Ö´Ð̵ľü±ø¾¹Ê×µ±Æä³å£¬±»Ã°³öµÄ»ðÑæÉÕËÀ¡£

¼ÓÉÏÍõÁîÌ«½ô¼±£¬ÈýÈ˵ÄÒ·þ»¹Ã»ÓÐÍÑÈ¥£¬Òѱ»ÈÓÈëÁÒ»ðÖ®ÖС£

32 ¶¼ÊÇÑÇÀ¼ÎÄS]#le{m¡£

33 Óйء°Æß¡±ÕâÊýÄ¿ÔÚÑÇÂêÄÃÐż¯µÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬²ÎLacocque, 66, n. 24.

34 S.A. Cook, "The Articles of Dress in Dan 3: 21" Journal of Philology 26: 306-313.

35 ¡°¿ã×Ó¡±µÄ·­ÒëÀ´×ÔÑÇÀ­²®ÎÄsirbal£¬ËûçíÄ¿£¨Talmud£©µÄÑÇÀ¼ÎÄÈ´°Ñ¡°¿ã×Ó¡±½â×÷"ÍâÒÂ"¡£

36 Hartman, 158.

37 Baldwin, 105; Lacocque, 65; Karb#lahÔ´×ÔÑǼ×ÎĵÄKarballatu£¬Ö¸Í·ÉÏ´÷µÄÒÂÎï¡£

£¨ËÄ£©Íõ¾ªÆ浫ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑÔÚ»ð«àÀïƽ°²ÎÞÊ£¨Èý24-27£©

24ÄÇʱÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÍõ¾ªÆæ¡¢¼±Ã¦ÆðÀ´¡¢¶Ôıʿ˵¡¢ÎÒÀ¦ÆðÀ´ÈÓÔÚ»ðÀïµÄ²»ÊÇÈý¸öÈËô£®ËûÃǻشðÍõ˵¡¢Íõ°¢¡¢ÊÇ£®

25Íõ˵¡¢¿´ÄÄ¡¢ÎÒ¼ûÓÐËĸöÈË¡¢²¢Ã»ÓÐÀ¦°ó¡¢ÔÚ»ðÖÐÓÎÐС¢Ò²Ã»ÓÐÊÜÉË¡¢ÄǵÚËĸöµÄÏàò¡¢ºÃÏñÉñ×Ó¡£

26ÓÚÊÇÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¾Í½üÁÒ»ð«àÃÅ¡¢Ëµ¡¢ÖÁ¸ß¡¡ÉñµÄÆÍÈËɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è³öÀ´¡¢ÉÏÕâÀïÀ´°Õ£®É³µÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡¢¾Í´Ó»ðÖгöÀ´ÁË¡£

27ÄÇЩ×ܶ½¡¢ÇղѲ¸§¡¢ºÍÍõµÄıʿ¡¢Ò»Í¬¾Û¼¯¿´ÕâÈý¸öÈË¡¢¼û»ðÎÞÁ¦ÉËËûÃǵÄÉíÌ塢ͷ·¢Ò²Ã»ÓÐÉÕ½¹¡¢ÒÂÉÑҲûÓбäÉ«¡¢²¢Ã»ÓлðÁǵÄÆøζ¡£

24.¡°¼±Ã¦ÆðÀ´¡±£º»ØÓ¦ÉÏÎÄ˵µ½Ëû´ÒæҪÖÃËûÃÇÓÚËÀµØ¡£

¡°Ä±Ê¿¡±£ºÊǸ߼¶µÄ¹ÙÏΣ¬ÊÇÍõµÄÇ×ÐÅÓëÌرð¹ËÎÊ£»38ÔÚØ¥Æß½ÚÓë¡°×ܶ½¡¢ÇղѲ¸§¡±Í¬ÁУ¬µ«ÔÚ±¾½ÚÈ´°üÀ¨ÍõËùÓеÄÖúÊÖ£¬ËûÃÇͨ³ÆΪ¡°Ä±Ê¿¡±¡£

25.¡°ÎÒ¼ûÓÐËĸöÈË¡±£ºÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö´Ó¼ÓȼÁϵĿ׶´»òͨ·ç¿Ú¿´¼û»ð«àÀïµÄÇé¿ö£»ËûûÓÐÏñÖ´ÐÌÕßÒ»Ñù±»ÉÕËÀ£¬ÄËÒòÖ´ÐÌÕßËùÕ¾Ö®´¦ÊÇ¿¿½ü»ð«àÉÏÃæµÄ¿×¶´£¬¹Ê±»Åç³öÀ´µÄ»ðÑæ»î»îÉÕËÀ¡£39

¡°ºÃÏñÉñ×Ó¡±£º40ÊÇÊôÁé½çµÄ£¬³¬È˵ģ¬Ø¥°Ë½ÚÖ¸¡°Éñ×Ó¡±ÊÇÉϵ۵ÄʹÕß¡£

¾¿¾¹Õâλ¡°ºÃÏñÉñ×ÓµÄʹÕß¡±ÊÇË­ÄØ£¿

ÓÐÈËÈÏΪµkÊǵÀ³ÉÈâÉí֮ǰµÄÖ÷Ò®öÕ£»41µ«ÎÒÃÇûÓÐÈκÎÖ¤¾ÝÖ§³ÖÕâ˵·¨£¬ÐÂԼʥ¾­´ÓδÈç´Ë˵Ã÷¡£Ò®ÈáÃ×ÉõÖÁÈÏΪ£ºÒ»¸ö²»¾´Î·ÉñµÄÍâ°îÍõûÓÐ×ʸñ¼ûµ½Éϵ۶ù×ÓµÄÒìÏó¡£42

26.¡°ÖÁ¸ßÉϵۡ±£ºÔÚÊ¥¾­ÀÍâ°îÈ˳£ÕâÑù³ÆºôÉϵۣ¨´´Ê®ËÄ19£»ÈüÊ®ËÄ14£©¡£Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÄ¿¶ÃÉñ¼£ºó£¬³ÐÈÏÉϵ۱ÈÆäËûÉñÃ÷¸ß³¬£¬µ«×÷Ϊһ¸ö¶àÉñÖ÷ÒåÕߣ¬ËûûÓзñÈÏÆäËûÉñÃ÷µÄ´æÔÚ£¨²Î¶þ47¡°ÍòÉñÖ®Éñ¡±£©¡£

27.¡°Í··¢Ò²Ã»ÓÐÉÕ½¹£¬ÒÂÉÑҲûÓбäÉ«£¬²¢Ã»ÓлðÁǵÄÆøζ¡±£º×÷ÕßÓá°Öð½¥¼ÓÇ¿¡±µÄ·½Ê½À´ÃèдËûÃÇËù¾­ÀúµÄÕü¾È£¬ÓÉ×îÒ×ÉÕ½¹µÄÍ··¢½øÖÁÒ·þ£¬ÔÙÑÓÉìÖÁÉíÌ壬Á¬ÑÌ»ðµÄÆøζ¶¼Ã»ÓС£¡°Í··¢Ã»ÓÐÉÕ½¹¡±½ÐÎÒÃÇÁªÏëÆð»ù¶½µÄ±£Ö¤£º¡°¾ÍÊÇÄãÃǵÄÍ··¢£¬Ò²¶¼±»Êý¹ý¡±£¨Ì«Ê®30£©¡£

Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÇ×ÑÛ¿´¼ûµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓѱ»À¦ªåÈÓÔÚ»ð«àÀËûÆÚ´ýªåÄ¿¶ÃËûÃÇ»î»î±»»ðÉÕËÀ£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬³öÈËÒâ±íµØ£¬²»¿É˼ÒéµÄÉñ¼£¾¹·¢ÉúÁË¡£

µÚÒ»£¬ËûÃÇÈýÈ˱¾ÊÇÊֽű»À¦£¬ÏÖÔÚÈ´ÒòÉþ×Ó±»Éնϣ¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ»ðÖÐ×ÔÓÉÓÎÐС£

µÚ¶þ£¬À¦°óËûÃǵÄÉþ×ÓËä±»Éնϣ¬ËûÃÇȴûÓб»ÉÕÉË£¬ÉõÖÁÍ··¢ºÍÒ·þ¶¼±£³ÖÍêÕû£¬Ò²Ã»ÓлðªÊµÄÆøζ¡£ËäÈ»Éí´¦»ð«àÍâÃæµÄÖ´ÐÌÕ߶¼±ä³É¡°»ðÈË¡±£¨22½Ú£©£¬·´¶øÔÚ»ð«àÀïµÄËûÃÇÈ´ÊÇ¡°»îÈË¡±¡£

µÚÈý£¬ÈÓÔÚ»ð«à±¾À´µoÓÐÈý¸öÈË£¬ºóÀ´È´±ä³ÉËĸö£¬¶øµÚËĸöÈ˵ÄÃæò²»ÏñÊÇÆÕͨÈË£¬ÄËÊÇÉϵ۵ÄʹÕß¡£

Äѹֱ¾À´Òò·ÞÅ­¶ø±©ÌøÈçÀ×µÄÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö£¬ÏÖÔÚÈ´ÒòÕð¾ªÒì³£¶øÌøÁËÆðÀ´£¨24½Ú£©£»ËûÔ­±¾ÏÂÁî°ÑËûÃÇÈÓ¡°Â䡱»ð«àÀ23½Ú£©£¬ÏÖÔÚ¾¹Ç××Ôºô»½ËûÃÇ¡°ÉÏÀ´¡±£¨26½Ú£©¡£

Ç×ÑÛ¿´¼ûËĸöÈËÔÚ»ð«àÀïÓÎÐеģ¬ËƺõÖ»ÓÐÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö×Ô¼º£¨±È½Ï±£ÂÞÔÚ´óÂíɫ·É϶À×Ô¼ûÒìÏó£¬Í½¾Å7£©£¬ºóÀ´ËûµÄÇ×ÐÅÈ´Óлú»á¼ìÑéÕâÈý¸ö´Ó»ð«à³öÀ´µÄÓÌÌ«ÈË£¬Ö¤ÊµËûÃÇÉíÉÏÎÞÈκÎ×ÆÉ˵ĺۼ££¨27½Ú£©¡£

ÕâÈý¸öÈ˵ľ­ÀúʹÎÒÃÇÁªÏëÆðÔø±»À¦°ó·ÅÔÚ¼À̳ÉϵÄÒÔÈö£¬µ±Ê±Ò®ºÍ»ªµÄʹÕߺô½Ð£¬×èÖ¹ÑDz®À­º±ÏÂÊÖɱËû£¨´´Ø¥¶þ9-11£©£¬·´¹ÛÕâÈý¸öÈËÔÚ»ðÖв»µ«À¦°ó¾¡ÍÑ£¬ÇÒÓÐÉϵ۵ÄʹÕßͬÐС£43

38 haddabarÔ´×ԹŲ¨Ë¹ÎĵÄhada-bara£¬Ö¸"ͬ°é"£¬ÍõµÄͬ°é¼´ÊÇÍõµÄÇ×ÐÅ£»Ï£À°Ê±´úÓÐÒ»°à¹ÙÔ±³ÆΪ"ÍõµÄÅóÓÑ"£¨Âê¼Ó±ÈÒ¼Êé¶þ18£¬Èý38£©£¬Óë±¾½ÚµÄ¡°Ä±Ê¿¡±ÏàµÈ£»Õâ×ÖµoÔÚµ«ÒÔÀíÊé³öÏÖ£¬²ÎÈý27£¬ËÄ33£¬Áù8¡£

39 Ã×Àյ£¬776¡£

40 "a son of the gods"

41 Walvoord£¨91£©£»µk¿ÉÄÜÊÇÉϵ۵Ķù×Ó£»Young£¨94£©Ò²ÇãÏò½ÓÊܴ˽¨Ò飻Unger, 1625£»ËÕ×ôÑ45¡£

42 Jerome, 43.

43 Fleming James, Personalities of the O.T.£¨N.Y.: 1939£©, 571.

£¨Î壩ÍõÌáÉýµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈýÓÑ£¨Èý28-30£©

28Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈö˵¡¢É³µÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸èµÄ¡¡Éñ¡¢ÊÇÓ¦µ±³ÆË̵ġ¢Ëû²îDzʹÕ߾Ȼ¤Òп¿ËûµÄÆÍÈË¡¢ËûÃDz»×ñÍõÃü¡¢ÉáÈ¥¼ºÉí¡¢ÔÚËûÃÇ¡¡ÉñÒÔÍâ²»¿ÏÊ·°Ý±ðÉñ£®

29ÏÖÔÚÎÒ½µÖ¼¡¢ÎÞÂۺη½ºÎ¹úºÎ×åµÄÈË¡¢°ùטɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸èÖ®¡¡ÉñµÄ¡¢±Ø±»Áè³Ù¡¢ËûµÄ·¿Îݱسɷà¶Ñ¡¢ÒòΪûÓбðÉñÄÜÕâÑùÊ©ÐÐÕü¾È¡£

30ÄÇʱÍõÔڰͱÈÂ×Ê¡¡¢¸ßÉýÁËɳµÃÀ­¡¢Ã×É·¡¢ÑDz®Äá¸è¡£

28.¡°Ëû²îDzʹÕß¡±£ºÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö³ÐÈÏ£ºÔ­À´ÓÐһλÉñ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓËûÊÖÖÐÕü¾ÈÕâÈý¸öÈË£¨15½Ú£©¡£

29.¡°°ùט¡±£ºËµÒ»Ð©²»×ð¾´Éϵ۵Ļ°¡£ÙôäÂÉϵۡ£

¡°Áè³Ù¡±£º²Î¶þÕÂÎå½Ú¡£·²ÓÃ˵»°µÃ×ïÉϵ۵ģ¬²»µ«×Ô¼º±»Ö«½â£¬¶øÇÒÉíÌåÒªÊÜ×îÀ÷º¦µÄÁèÈ裨ÍõÏÂÊ®25£©¡£

Äá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÒòΪËù¿´¼ûµÄÉñ¼£¶ø³ÐÈÏËûÃÇÈýÈËËùÊ·îµÄÉϵÛÊÇÖÁ¸ßµÄÉñ£¬ÇÒÏÂÁîÈ«¹úµÄÈËÃñÒ²Òª×ð¾´ÕâλÉϵۡ£

´ËÍ⣬ËûÃÇÈýÈËÒòΪÖÒÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÅÑö£¬ÄþÔ¸ÎþÉüÐÔÃüÒ²²»¿ÏĤ°ÝÆäËûÉñÃ÷£¬44¶øÔÙ´ÎÃÉÉϵ۴͸££¬¹ÙÔ˺àͨ£¬ÔڰͱÈÂ×Ê¡µ£Èθü¸ßµÄְλ£»Õâ¶ÔÓڿظæËûÃǵÄåÈÀÕµ×ÈËÀ´ËµÊµÔÚÊÇÊʵÃÆä·´¡£

±¾ÕÂÒÔÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö½¨Ôì½ðÏñÀ´ìÅÒ«×Ô¼º×÷¿ªÊ¼£»È´ÒÔËû¸ß¾ÙºÍ¹éÈÙÒ«¸øÒÔÉ«ÁеÄÉϵÛ×÷½áÊø¡£µ½µ×ʲôÊÂÁîËûÓÐÕâÑùµÄ¸Ä±äÄØ£¿¾ÍÊÇÄ¿¶Ãµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑÔÚ»ð«àÀï»ñ¾ÈµÄÉñ¼£¡£

44 ¸çÁÖ¶àÇ°ÊéÊ®Èý3¡°ÓÖÉἺÉí½ÐÈË·ÙÉÕ¡±ÊDZ¾ÕÂ28½Ú¡°²»×ñÖ÷Ãü£¬ÉáÈ¥¼ºÉí¡±µÄ»ØÏì¡£

×ܽá

¢ñ¡¡±¾Õ¼ÇÔØÁËÁ½¸öÖص㣻µÚÒ»£¬Ò®ºÍ»ªÉϵÛÊÇÈ«Äܵģ¬µk¿ÉÒÔ´Ó»ðÖÐÕü¾ÈµkµÄÆÍÈË£¬45µkµÄÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÎÞ¿ÉÖÃÒɵģ»46²»µ«Èç´Ë£¬µkÊÇÐÅʵµÄ£¬°´µkµÄ¼Æ»®Õü¾ÈÄÇЩÖÒÓÚµkµÄÑ¡Ãñ¡£µÚ¶þ£¬µ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑÕæÐľ´°ÝÉϵۣ¬ÉîÐŵkÊÇÈ«Äܵģ¬µkÈç¹ûÔ¸Òâ±ØÄÜ´Ó»ð«àÖаÑËûÃǾȳöÀ´£»ËûÃÇÒ²×ðÖØÉñµÄÖ÷Ȩ£¬ÎÞÂÛµkÕü¾ÈÓë·ñ£¬ËûÃÇÄþËÀÒ²¾ø²»±³Åѵk¡£ÓÉÓÚËûÃǶÔÉϵÛÓÐÐÅÐÄ£¬±ãÄÜÔÚÈκλ·¾³Ö®ÖÐÈÔ¶ÔµkÖÒÐĹ¢¹¢£¬µ«³ýÁËÐÅÐĺÍÖÒÐÄÒÔÍ⣬»¹ÐëÒª¼ÓÉÏÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄÒòËØ£¬¾ÍÊÇ×ðÉñΪÖ÷£¬ÀÖÒâ½ÓÊܵkÒ»ÇеݲÅÅ¡£

ÕâÕ¾­ÎĹÄÀø±»Â°µÄÓÌÌ«ÈËÔڰͱÈÂ×Ãæ¶Ô±Æº¦ÈÔÒªÖÒÓÚÉϵۣ¬¡°Ë³´ÓÉñ¹ýÓÚ˳´ÓÈË¡±ÊÇÓ¦µ±µÄ¡£ËûÃǵÄÖÒÐÄ¿ÉÄÜ´øÀ´¸üÀ÷º¦µÄ±Æº¦£¬ÉõÖÁÉúÃüµÄΣÏÕ£¬µ«ÉϵÛÒªËûÃÇÔÚÕâÖÖÀ§¾³ÖÐÈÔÒªÏàÐŵk¿ÉÒÔÕü¾È£»Èç¹ûµk°´×Ô¼ºµÄÖ¼ÒⲻʩÐÐÕü¾È£¬ËûÃÇÈÔÒª¼á³Ö£¬²»ÄÜÒò´ËÀëÆúµk¡£ËûÃDZØÐë¶ÔÉñ±§ªå¡°Ï£Íû¡±£¬ÒòΪÔÚÒ»¸ö²»¿ÉÄܵĻ·¾³ÖУ¬µkµÄ¾È¶÷ÈÔÈ»¿ÉÒÔÁÙµ½£»ÕýÈçÄ©µ×¸ÄÃæ¶Ô¹þÂüÃð¾øÓÌÌ«È˵ÄΣ»ú£¬Ëä²»ÖªµÀÉñ»áÈçºÎ¹¤×÷£¬È´ÈÔ´øªåÅÎÍûÐû³Æ£º¡°ÓÌÌ«È˱شӱ𴦵ýâÍÑ£¬ÃÉÕü¾È¡±£¨Ë¹ËÄ14£©£¬ËäÈ»Ëû²¢²»ÖªµÀ¡°±ð´¦¡±ÊÇÖ¸ºÎ´¦¡£

¢ò¡¡±¾ÕÂÓëµÚÒ»ÕÂÓÐÐí¶àÏàËÆÖ®´¦£ºµ«ÒÔÀíºÍÈý¸öÅóÓÑΪÁËÖÒÓÚÉñ¶ø²»¿ÏÍ×Э£¬ËûÃǸ¶³ö´ú¼Û£¬½á¹ûÃÉÉñ´Í¸££¬¹ÙÖ°µÃÒÔ½úÉý¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚµÚÒ»Õ£¬µ«ÒÔÀíºÍÈý¸öÅóÓѳýÁ˳ÔÊß²ËÒû°×¿ªË®Í⣨¡°µ«ÒÔÀí²Í¡±£©£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÔâÊÜÈκÎÍ´¿à£»¶øÔÚµÚÈýÕ£¬Èý¸öÅóÓÑÈ´ÒªÏȾ­¹ý»ð«à²Å»ñÉñÕü¾È¡£

Ò»¸öΪÉñ×÷³öÎþÉüµÄ»ù¶½Í½£¬²»Ò»¶¨Á¢¿ÌµÃµ½ÉñµÄ×£¸£Óë¶÷µä£¬ËûÉõÖÁ»á¾õµÃÉñºÃÏñÍêÈ«²»¼ÓÒÔÀí»á£¨ÔÚÍ´¿àÖУ¬ÎÒÃdz£°ÑÉñÔÝʱµÄ¡°Òþ±Î¡±µ±×÷ÉñÓÀÔ¶µÄÀëÆú£©£»ÎªÊ²Ã´Ò»¸öÖÒÓÚÉñµÄÈË£¬Éñ¾¹ÈÃËûÊÜ¿à¶ø²»¼ÓÒÔÔ®ÊÖÄØ£¿ÒòΪ£¬µÚÒ»£¬¶ÔÉñÖÒÐÄÊÇ»ù¶½Í½Ó¦ÓеÄ̬¶È£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÓëÉñÌÖ¼Û»¹¼Û£¬»ò»»È¡Éñ¶÷µäµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£µÚ¶þ£¬ÉñÓÐʱºòÈõkµÄ¶ùÅ®¾­Àú¿àÄÑ£¨¾ÍÈ絫ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓѾ­¹ý»ð«àµÄÁһ𣩣¬ÒòΪ¿àÄѶԵkµÄ¶ùÅ®ÊDZäÏàµÄ×£¸£¡£µ±µ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑ´Ó»ð«àÖгöÀ´£¬ËûÃÇÉíÉϵÄÉþË÷±»»ðÉնϣ¬»ñµÃÕæ×ÔÓÉ¡£Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÔ¸ÒâΪÖ÷Êܿ࣬ÉíÉϵÄÀ¦°ó¾ÍµÃ½âÍÑ¡£

ËûÃǾ­¹ý»ð«à£¬»ñÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈöÌáÉý£¬ÇÒÓÖÒ»´ÎµÃµ½½±ÉÍ£»ÕâÈ´²»ÊÇ˵£ºÃ¿Ò»¸öÖÒÓÚÉñµÄÈË£¬ÎªÖ÷ÊÜ¿àÄѺ󣬾ͱØÁ¢¿ÌÃɶ÷£¨ÓÈÆäÊÇÎïÖÊ·½ÃæµÄ£©¡£ÎÒÃǽ«»á¿´¼û£¬Ò»Ð©ÎªÖ÷ÊÜ¿àµÄÈ˾¹µÃ²»ªåÉñµÄÕü¾È£¬·´¶øɥʧÐÔÃü¡£47

Æäʵ£¬ËûÃDz»½ö±»ÌáÉý£¬ÇÒÔÚÕâÒ»´ÎµÄ¾­ÀúÖлñµÃÁ½ÖÖ¸ü´óµÄ¶÷µä¡£µÚÒ»£¬ÔÚ¿àÄÑÖÐËûÃÇÇ×Éí¾­Àúµ½ÉñµÄͬÔÚ£¬ÓС°ÏñÉñ×Ó¡±µÄʹÕßÔÚ»ð«àÖгöÏÖ£¬ÓëËûÃÇ¡°ÔÚ»ðÖÐÓÎÐС±£¨25½Ú£©£»Õâ·ûºÏÉñ½åÏÈÖªÒÔÈüÑǵÄÐû¸æ£º¡°ÒÔÉ«Áа¡£¬Äã´ÓË®Öо­¹ý£¬ÎÒ±ØÓëÄãͬÔÚ£»ÄãúĹý½­ºÓ£¬Ë®±Ø²»Âþ¹ýÄ㣬Äã´Ó»ðÖо­¹ý£¬±Ø²»±»ÉÕ£¬»ðÑæÒ²²»úíÔÚÄãÉíÉÏ¡±£¨ÈüËÄÊ®Èý2£©¡£

µÚ¶þ£¬ËûÃǾ­¹ý¿àÄÑ£¬²Å½ÐÄá²¼¼×ÄáÈö¶ÔËûÃǵÄÉϵÛÓÐÉîÒ»²ãµÄÈÏʶ£¬Ê¹ÍõÖªµÀÔ­À´ÕæÓÐһλÉñ¿ÉÒÔ¾ÈËûÃÇÍÑÀë»ð«àÒÔ¼°ËûµÄÊÖ£»ÒÔÖÂÍõûÓа취²»³ÐÈÏÕâһλÉϵÛÊÇÖÁ¸ßµÄÉñ¡£»ù¶½Í½ÒªÉ¥Ê§ÉúÃü£¬²Å¿ÉµÃªåÉúÃü£¬Ò²½ÐÈ˵êåÉúÃü¡£¡°µoÓÐÄÇЩԸÒâΪÐÅÑöʧµôÉúÃüµÄÈË£¬²Å¿ÉÒÔÕÆÎÕ×Ô¼ºµÄÉúÃü£¬Ó°Ïì±ðÈ˵ÄÉúÃü¡£¡±48

¢ó¡¡×Ô´ÓÒÔÉ«ÁÐÈ˳ö°£¼°ÒÔÀ´£¬°ÝżÏñµÄÊÔ̽½Óõà¶øÀ´£»µÚÒ»´Î³ö°£¼°ÓнðÅ£¶¿£¬¶øµÚ¶þ´Î³ö°£¼°£¨¼´±»Â°¹é¹ú£©Ö®Ç°È´ÒªÃæ¶ÔÕâÆæÐιÖ×´µÄ½ðÏñ¡£49

»ù¶½Í½Æñ²»Êdz£³£Ãæ¶Ôªå¡°°ÝżÏñµÄѹÁ¦¡±£¿50ÎÞÊýµÄÈ˺ÍÎﶼÔÚÕù¶áÉϵÛÔÚÎÒÃÇÐÄÖÐÓ¦Õ¼µÄÖÁ¸ßµØλ£»¹Ê´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÏëÌÓ֮زز£¬±ÜÃâ×÷³ö¾ñÔñºÍίÉí¡£51Èô²»ÄÜ°ÚÍÑ£¬Ö»ºÃ·²ÊÂÍ×Э£¬Óë±ðÈË¿´Æ룬ÒÔÃâÁî×Ô¼ºÄÑ¿°¡£ÒÔ˹Ìû¼ÇµÄÓÌÌ«ÈËΪʲô±»±Æº¦£¿ÒòΪËûÃÇÓëÖÚ²»Í¬£¨Ë¹Èý8£©£¬µ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑΪºÎ±»ÈË¿ØËߣ¿ÒòËûÃDz»Ô¸Ë沨ÖðÁ÷Ïò½ðÏñÏ°ݣ»ÆäʵËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸ø×Ô¼ºÕÒÐí¶à½å¿Ú£¬ÀýÈ磺¡°Ö»°ÝÒ»´ÎÊÇÎÞ¹ØÖØÒªµÄ¡±»ò¡°ÍõÕâÑùºñ´ýÎÒÃÇ£¬Ôõ¿ÉÒÔÍü¶÷¸ºÒåÄØ¡±£¿»ò¡°ÏÖÔÚÔÝʱ·ÅÏÂÔ­Ôò£¬½«À´´óÓлú»áÔڰͱÈÂ×·¢»ÓĪ´óµÄÓ°Ï족¡£È»¶ø£¬ËûÃDz¢Ã»ÓÐÕâÑù×ö£¬µoÊÇÓ¸ҵسÖÊØÔ­Ôò£¬×÷ºÃ×¼±¸´ÓÈݾÍÒå¡£

»ù¶½Í½¸ÃÔõÑùÃæ¶ÔÕâÖÖ¡°ÈÏͬ¡±»ò¡°Í¬»¯¡±µÄѹÁ¦ÄØ£¿ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã·ÂЧµ«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑÄÇÖÖÔ¸ÒâÏòÉñÖÁËÀÖÒÐĵÄÐÅÐÄ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ãæ¶ÔÉúÃüΣ»úµÄ´óÎÞη¾«Éñ¡£½ñÌìµÄ»ù¶½Í½×îȱ·¦µÄ¾ÍÊÇÓÂÆøºÍµ¨É«£¬ÒÔÖÂÌ«ÈÝÒ×Í×Э¡£ÅË»ô»ªËµ£º¡°»ù¶½²»µ«Ê¹ÎÒÃdzÆÒ壬µk¸üʹÎÒÃǸÕÇ¿©¤©¤Å³Èõµ¨ÇÓÊÇÈËÕæÕýµÄ×¡£52µ¨ÇÓʹÎÒÃǹÊÒâÍü¼ÇºÍÐÅÀµÉñ¡¢ÖÒÓÚÉñÄËÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÊ×ÒªÈÎÎñ¡£ÃÀ¹úº£¾üµÄ¸ñÑÔ£º¡°³£³£ÖÒÐÄ¡±£¬Æñ²»ÊÇ»ù¶½Í½Ó¦ÓеÄ̬¶ÈÂð£¿53ÅÎÍûÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ»ØÓ¦Ô¼ÊéÑÇ˵£º¡°ÎÞÂÛ»·¾³ÈçºÎ¶ñÁÓ£¬±ðÈ˶¼²»Ë³´ÓÉñ£¬ÎÒºÍÎÒµÄÒ»¼ÒÈÔȻҪÖÒÓÚµk¡±£¨ÊéØ¥ËÄ15£©¡£Õâ²ÅÊÇ´ÏÃ÷µÄ¾ñÔñ£¬¶ø´ÏÃ÷ÈËÄÜ¿´¼û±Æº¦±³ºóÈÔÓÐÉñµÄÕƹܣ¬¹Ê¿ÉÒÔ̹ȻÎ޾塣

¢ô¡¡ÎªÊ²Ã´±¾Õµo¼ÇÔص«ÒÔÀíµÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑ£¬¶øÖ»×Ö²»ÌᵫÒÔÀí±¾ÈËÄØ£¿ÓÐѧÕßÒÔ´Ë×÷Ϊ±¾Êé²¢·Ç³ö×Ôһλ×÷ÕßÊֱʵÄÖ¤¾Ý£¬¶øÊÇÓÉһλ±à¼­°Ñ²»Í¬µÄÎļþËѼ¯³É¼¯£¬¶ø±¾ÕÂÄËÔ´ÓÚÁíÒ»¸ö²»°üÀ¨µ«ÒÔÀíµÄ´«Ëµ£¬¹ÊûÓÐÌâ¼°µ«ÒÔÀí¡£54ÁíÓÐһλ·¨¹ú×÷¼ÒÌá³öÒ»ÖÖÓëÖÚ²»Í¬µÄ´´ÐÂÀíÂÛ£º¾ÍÊǵ«ÒÔÀíÒ²ÔÚ±¾Õ³öÏÖ£¬Ëû¾ÍÊÇÔÚ»ðÖÐÓÎÐÐòËÆÉñ×ÓµÄÄÇһλ¡£55ÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖ˵·¨µÄ¿ÉÐų̶ȼ«µÍ£¬´¿ÊôÒܲ⡣

ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪ´Ë´¦Ã»ÓÐÌá¼°µ«ÒÔÀí£¬ÒòΪËû³öÍ⹫¸É£¬56È´ÓëËĽڵġ°¸÷·½£¬¸÷¹ú£¬¸÷×åµÄÈËÃñ¶¼°Ý½ðÏñ¡±²»ø£ºÏ£¬³ý·ÇÕâ½ÚµoÊÇÂÛ¼°°Í±ÈÂ×Ê¡µÄ¾ÓÃñ¡£Ò²ÓÐÈËÖ¸³öµ«ÒÔÀí¿ÉÄÜÉú²¡£¬²»ÄܲÎÓë½ðÏñµÄ½ÒÄ»Àñ£¬57ÕâÊÇÓÐÆä¿ÉÄÜÐԵġ£¼Ó¶ûÎÄÈ´ÈÏΪåÈÀÕµ×ÈËÒòΪµ«ÒÔÀíµÄ¹Ù½×¸ß£¬¶ø²»¸ÒÖ±½Ó¿ØËßËû£¬µo¼¯ÖлðÁ¦¹¥»÷±ÈËûµÍÒ»¼¶µÄÈý¸öÅóÓÑ¡£58

×ÜÀ¨À´Ëµ£¬×î¼ÑµÄ´ð°¸¿ÉÄÜÊÇ£ºÓÉÓÚ¾­ÎÄûÓÐÌâ¼°¡£ÎÒÃÇÎÞ´ÓÖªµÀÆäÖÐÔµÓÉ¡£µ«ÓÐÒ»¼þÊÂÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒԿ϶¨µÄÊÇ£¬´ÓÕû±¾µ«ÒÔÀíÊéµÄ¼ÇÔØ¿´À´£¨ÓÈÆäÊǵÚÁùÕ£©£¬Èç¹ûµ«ÒÔÀíÒ²ÔÚ±¾ÕµÄÊ·¢ÏÖ³¡£¬ËûÒ²ÊǾø¶Ô²»»á¾´°ÝÄǽðÏñ¡£

¢õ¡¡ÆßʮʿÒë±¾ÔÚ±¾ÕÂØ¥Èý½ÚºóÃæ¼Ó²åÁùÊ®°Ë½Ú¾­ÎÄ£¬59ÕâЩ¾­ÎÄ¿É·ÖΪÈý¶Î£º

1.ÑÇÈöÀûÑŵĵ»ÎÄ£¨24-45½Ú£©£º60¡°ÑÇÈöÀûÑÅ¡±ÊÇÑDz®Äá¸èµÄÏ£²®À´Ãû×Ö£¨Ò»7£©£»Õâƪµ»ÎÄÊÇËûÃÇÈýÈËͬËеģ¬¹ÊÓá°ÎÒÃÇ¡±¡£ËûÃÇÏȳÆËÌÉϵۡ¢ÈÏ×ÔÙÇóµkÒòµk×Ô¼ºµÄÈÙÒ«ºÍËùÐíϵÄŵÑÔ£¬Ê©Á¯ÃõÕü¾ÈËûÃÇ£¬ÕÃÏÔµkµÄ´óÄÜ¡£61

2.ÃÉÕü¾ÈµÄ¼Ç¼£¨46-50½Ú£©£»±¾¶Î¼ÇÊöÉñÓ¦ÔÊËûÃÇËùÇó£¬ÐÐÉñ¼£±£»¤ËûÃÇ£»²»µ«»ðÉÕ²»ªå£¬»¹ÓÐÕóÕóµÄÇå·ç´µÀ´£¬Ê¹ËûÃÇÐØ»³¿ì³©£¬²»½û³ª³öÔÞÃÀµÄÊ«¸è¡£

3.ΰ´óµÄÔÞÃÀÊ«£¨57-90½Ú£©£ºËûÃÇÊ×ÏÈÖ±½ÓÔÞÃÀÉñ£¨52-56½Ú£©£¬½ÓªåÑûÇëËùÓÐÊÜÔìÖ®Îï¼ÓÈ루57-87½Ú£©£¬×îºóÔÙÖ±½ÓÔÞÃÀÉñ£¬¸ÐлµkÕü¾ÈÖ®¶÷£¨88-90½Ú£©¡£62

ÕâÈý¶ÎÎÄ×ÖËäÈ»´ÊÔåÃÀÀö£¬ÄÚÈݶ¯ÈË£¬µ«ÎÒÃDZØÐë¸ù¾ÝÏ£²®À´ÎÄÊ¥¾­¶ø¾Ü¾ø½ÓÊÜËüÃÇÒ²ÊÇÕýµäµÄÒ»²¿·Ý¡£63

45 ¡°Õü¾È¡±ÊDZ¾ÊéÒ»¸öÖØÒª´ÊÓ²ÎÈý15¡¢17¡¢28¡¢29£¬Áù14¡¢16¡¢20¡¢27£¬Ê®¶þ1ÊDZ¾ÊéµÄ¸ßªÌ£¬Ç¿µ÷Ñ¡ÃñÖձػñÕü¾È¡£

46 ½ü´ú²»ÉÙѧÕߣ¬°üÀ¨Ðí¶àÓÌÌ«À­±È£¬ÈÏΪÉϵÛÊÇÈ«°®£¬È´²»ÊÇÈ«ÄÜ£¬¹ÊÓÐÐÄÎÞÁ¦£¬²»ÄÜÇå³ýÈ˼äµÄÍ´¿à£¬ÓÈÆäÊǺÃÈ˺ÍÎÞ¹¼ÕßËùÊܵÄÍ´¿à£»Õâ˵·¨²»ø£ºÏÊ¥¾­µÄ½Ìѵ¡£

47 Áù°ÙÍòµÄÓÌÌ«È˱»Äɴ⵳ɱËÀ£¬Ò²Ã»ÓлñÕü¾È£»Wharton, op. cit., 171.

48 Ford, 107; Criswell, 145.

49 Óйر»Â°¹é»ØÊǵڶþ´Î³ö°£¼°£¬²ÎR.N. Whybray, Isaiah 40-66£¨Oliphants, 1975£©, 31-34; G.A.F. Knight, Isaiah 40-55£¨Eerdmans,1984£©, 59f.; J.F.A. Sawyer, Isaiah II£¨Westminster Press, 1986£©, 75-79.

50 Æôʾ¼ʮÈý8¡°·²Ãû×Ö´Ó´´ÊÀÒÔÀ´£¬Ã»ÓмÇÔÚÉúÃü²áÉÏÖ®ÈË£¬¶¼Òª°ÝÄÇÊ®½ÇÆßÍ·µÄ¹ÖÊÞ¡±£»ÓɹÅÖÁ½ñ£¨Ö±ÖÁÊÀ½çÄ©ÁË£©£¬È˶¼ÒªÃæ¶Ô±»ÆÈÏòżÏñÏ°ݡ£Ò»¾ÅÁù¡ðÄ꣬·ÇÖÞåÈÄã¨Ghana£©¹úµÄ×Üͳ½¨ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄФÏñ£¬ÈùúÃñ¾°Ñö£¬½å´Ëͳһȫ¹ú£»J. D. Fage, A Short History of Africa£¨Penguin, 1960£©, 251.

51 Porteous, 61.

52 Russell, 67.

53 ÈκÎÈËÒª¼ÓÈë׫дËÀº£¹Å¾íµÄÀ¥À¼ÍÅÌ壬±ØÐëÏÈÆðÊÄ£º¡°ÎÞÂÛÓö¼ûʲô¿Ö¾åºÍÍ´¿à£¬ÎÒÓÀ²»À뿪Éϵۡ±£¬²ÎAndrew Kwong, The Initiatory Oath of The Dead Sea Scrolls£¨Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Wheaton, 1972£©, 30.

54 Collins, 42.

55 Lacocque, 66; µÚÊ®ÎåÊÀ¼ÍÓÌÌ«½â¾­¼ÒÑÇ°Í°àŬ£¨Abarbanel£©Ò²Í¬ÒâÕâ˵·¨£¬Anderson, 37.

56 Wood, 40; Walvoord, 80.

57 Ibid,

58 Young, 86; Ê®¾ÅÊÀ¼ÍµÄHippolytusÒ²ÔÞͬ¡£

59 ÓйØÕâ¶Î¸½¼ÓµÄ¾­ÎĵÄÚ¹ÊÍ£¬²ÎC.A. Moore, Daniel, Esther and Jeremiah: The Additions£¨Doubleday, 1977£©

60 ²»Éٽ⾭¼ÒÈçÁֵ¶û£¨Linder£©¡¢¸ð×ȱ´¸ñ¶û£¨Gottsburger£©¡¢Åµ½Ü¶û£¨Notscher£©¡¢ºÍÀèÄɵң¨Rinaldi£©µÈÈÏΪÕâµ»ÎÄÊÇËûÃDZ»ÈÓÈë»ð«à֮ǰËùËгª£»Ë¼¸ß£¬87¡£

61 ÕâƪÆíµ»ÎÄÓ뵫ÒÔÀíÔÚµÚ¾ÅÕµĵ»ÎÄÀàËÆ¡£

62 ¿É±È½Ï±¾ÆªÔÞÃÀÊ«Ó뵫¶þ20-23µÄÔÞÃÀÊ«£¬Á½Æª¶¼ÓгÆËÌÉñµÄÈ«ÖªÓëÈ«ÄÜ¡£

63 ÓйØÕâÈý¶ÎµÄÀ´Àú£¬²ÎDriver, XVIIIf; Bevan, 43f. ÖÁÓÚÈçºÎÅжϾ­ÎÄÊÇÔ­ÊôÓÚÕýµä£¬²ÎÏÄÀí˹£¨ÒëÕߣºÔøÁ¢»ª£¬»ÆººÉ­£©Ê¥¾­µÄÁé¸ÐÓëÕýµä£¨ÖÖ×Ñ£¬1976£©£¬67-86; ÔøÁ¢»ª´ÓÉ϶øÀ´µÄÎÄÏ×£¨Ïã¸Û»ù¶½Í½Ñ§Éú¸£ÒôÍÅÆõ£¬1983£©£¬65-72¡£

©¤©¤ ÌÆÓÓÖ®¡¶ÌìµÀÊ¥¾­×¢ÊÍ©¤©¤µ«ÒÔÀí¡·

NnÂ