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贾¹©¥ß(Gardiner)«ü¥X¡u¥»³¹ÉO这书¨ä¥¦³¹关¨tªººÃ问¡A¥Dn¬O®æ¦¡ªº问题¡A³¡¥÷须¥Ñ内®e决©w¡C¡v1®æ¦¡¤è±¡A¦]为¤Ü¤»46¡G这¨Ç«ß¨Ò¡B¨å³¹¡B©Mªk«×¡A¬OC©M华ÉO¥H¦â¦C¤H¦b¦è¤D¤sÂǼ¯¦è¥ßªº¡A¬O«ß¨Òªº结语¡A¦ü¥G·t¥Ü¤@¤Á·q«ô«ß¨Ò¦b¤Ü¤»³¹结§ô¡C¨º¤\¥»³¹´N¬O«ß¨Ò¥H¥~ªºªþ录(appendix)¡A¦Ü¤_¥»³¹¬O«ç样ªº¤@个ªþ录¡A则¦³¤£¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡C¤ä«ù©³¥»说ªº学ªÌ¡A¯Ü²n说¥»³¹¬O¦Z来¥[ªº§÷®Æ¡A2¦ý«ö©³¥»说ªº²z论¡A§Q¥¼记¬O²½¥qªk¨å(Priestly
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(1)¥»³¹¬Ocolophon¦¡ªº¬q¸¨¡A将§Q¥¼记ªº«ß¨Ò©M¥Á数记ªº记载连±µ°_来¡A¤Ú}奥(Bertheau)¥H§Q¤Ü¤C³¹¦Ü¥Á数记¤Q10为¤@个¬q¸¨¡C这样¤Àªk©TµM强调¤F¼¯¦è¤经ªº连贯©Ê¡A¦ý¯Ê¥F©ú显¦³¤Oªº¤å学Ê^µô©M¦r词运¥Îªº¤ä«ù¡C虽µM¥»³¹ªº¤@¨Ç¦r词¦b¥Á数记«e¤Q³¹¥X现¡A¨Ò¦p¤G¤Q岁¡]3¡B5节¡A参¥Á¤@³¹[¦h¦¸]¡^¡B¯S许ªºº@¡]1-8节¡A参¥Á¤»2¡^¡B¤¤À¤§¤@¡]13¡B19¡B27¡B31节¡F参¥Á¤7¡^¡A¥i±¤¥»³¹©M¥Á数记ªº内®e¦}¤£¬Û²Å¡A©Ò¥H这个¬Ýªk¯Ê¥F经¤å¤ä«ù¡A¦}¤£¥i¾a¡C
(2)§Q¥¼记¤À¬q«ö¤å学结Ì۱ƦC¡A¬Oº§À©I应ªº®æ¦¡¡C®L²z¥Ó¦P·N贺«ä(Hertz)ªº¬Ýªk¡G¡u§Q¥¼记ªº结§ô¥¿¦p开©l¤@样¡A³£¬O¤@³¹Éo©Òªº规«ß¢w¢w¥Ì¤ß©^献¨Ñ给Éo©Ò»Ýn¡A这Ïú©^献¬O关Ê䯫®aªº¯u¥¿ªí达¡C¡v7
(3)¥»³¹紧±µ¤Ü¤»³¹¡A¬O¤Ü¤»³¹ªº¦^应¡A韩¬ü´°©M温ùÚ³£¦³¦P样ªº¸Ñ释¡G¡u¯¬ºÖ©M©G诅¡]²Ä¤Ü¤»³¹¡^¥i¥H说¬O¯«对Í¢¤l¥Áªº许º@¡A应许Í¢¥¼来将会°µªº¨Æ±¡¡C©Ò¥H紧±µªº´N¬O题¿ô¤H应«ç样¦V¯«许º@¡C«ö·Ó选择©Ê¡A¤H¦b§xW时±`许º@¡A¦b¦ë³q时则¨u¦³¡C¤Ü¤»³¹¥ý简²¤´£¤Î¯¬ºÖªº时Ô¡AµM¦Z¥Î较¤j½g´T论©G诅ªº时Ô¡C随§Y¥Î¤@¬q¡]¤Ü¤C³¹¡^说©ú许º@应«ç样处²z¡C¡v8
1 Gardiner, "Leviticus", Lange
Commentary, p.202.
2 Noth, Leviticus, p.203; Snaith, Leviticus
and Numbers, p.174; Rolf Rendtorff, The Old Testament : An Introduction,
(Fortress, 1986), p.146杭C
3 R.K. Harrison, Introduction to The Old
Testament, p.598.
4 Childs, Introduction to the Old Testamet as
Scripture, p.182; Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament,
p.590.
5 Gardiner op. cit.; ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼记ª`释¡A总论²Ä¥î页¡CNoordtzij, Leviticus,
p.4; Keil, Pentateuch vol. 2, p.479; »C辅¥Á¡A§Q¥¼记讲义¡Ap. 3.
6 马¦³Ä¦¡A旧约·§论¡Ap.30
7 Hertz, Pentateuch and Haftorahs, p.547;
Harrison, Leviticus, p.235; 韩©Ó¨}认为¡u¬O¦Ø¤»¡X¤C³¹ªºªþ录¡v¡A¦Ø¥¼纪释义¡Ap.225.
8 Wenham, Leviticus, p.336; Hamilton, Handbook
to the Pentateuch, p.308.
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10 Horsleyªº·N见¡A¤Þ¦ÛGardiner,
"Leviticus", p.200, n.1.
11 I. Mendelsohn, Slavery in The Ancient Near
East, (Oxford University Press, 1949) pp.117-118.
12 Ibid; 罗兰¼w´I(de Vaux)¡A¥j经¤§风«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡App.94-95.
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13 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼记ª`释¡Ap.208
14 de Vaux, Ancient Israel, p.168,
"According to Lv 27: 16 the value of a field is calculated at fifty
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15 R.P. Maloney, CBQ 36, (1974): 4-5.
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18 ¦ýGershon Brin,
"The Firstling of Unclean Animal", Jewish Quarterly Review
68(1977), 1-15 却认为¬OLXXקïì¤å¡A¦]为译ªÌn¦V®J¤Î¤H®ø°£当时¬y¦æ犹¤Ó¤H¦V驴献²½ªº传说¡C
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虽µM旧约¦³两¦¸献¤H为²½ªº经¤å¡A¦ý亚§B©Ô¨u献¥H¼»为êO²½ªº记载¡AÉo经说©ú这¬O¤@个试验¡]创¤Ü¤G1¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¤Ñ¨Ï说¡G§A¤£¥i¦b这µ£¤l¨¤W¤U¤â¡A¤@点¤£¥i®`¥L¡]12节¡^¥¿¦n说©ú¯«¤£许将¤H杀¦º献²½¡C20¦Ü¤_²Ä¤G¬q经¤å¡A¤h师记¤Q¤@³¹记载C¥±¥L将¤k¤I还º@¡A虽µM¥L许º@将¥ý从®a门¥X来ªï±µªº¤H献¤W为êO²½¡]31节¡^¡A¦ý这¬O¸Ñ释¤W¥y´N¥²归§Aªº·N«ä¡A¦}¤£¥]¬A¥²须杀¦º©ñ¦b坛¤Wªº¦æ动¡C¦Ó终为处¤k¡]37节¡^©M终¨没¦³亲ªñ¨k¤l¡]39节¡^¦ü¥G·t¥Ü¦bC¥±¥L还º@¦Z¡A¥Lªº¤k¤I¤´¬¡¤@¬q¤é¤l¡A¦}¥B这¬qªº¥Î词ÉO亚§B©Ô¨u献¥H¼»ªº记载¬Û¦ü¡A21©Ò¥H¬Ý来C¥±¥L¦}没¦³杀¤k¤I¡A¦Ó将¦o献为终¨¨Æ©^¯«ªº¤u§@¡C22·s约«H®{¤]¥²须®ÚÕu这献êO²½ªº§t·N¡A¤~¯à¤F¸Ñ«O罗§h©J将¨Ê^献¤W当§@¬¡²½ªº·N义¡C
¥»¬qªº条¨Ò补¥R¤Wz¥H¤H许º@ªº±Ð训¡A¤H¥i¥H¦Ûº@¦a¥H¦Û¤v©Î¥LºÞ辖ªº¤H为许º@¤§ª«¡A§@为®³细¦Õ¤H¯ëªº¥H劳¤OªA¨Æ¯«¡A¦ý旧约会¹õ·q«ôªº¨Æ©^¥X¤_¯«ªº¥D权¡A¤£¯à¤ò¹E¦Û¯ò¡A¥²须¥Ñ¯«ªº©I¥l©e¥ô¡A¦]¦¹¥H¤H为许º@ª«¦}¤£¦Û动¦a¥i¥H将该¤H献¤W还º@¡A¦pªG¯«¤£±µ纳¥H¤H还º@¡A´Nn将ɲ银¥N´À¤H还º@¡C
总¬A来说¡A¥»³¹ªº«ü¥Ü²M·¡说©ú¡A¤HY¦Û动许º@¡]¯«¦}¤£n¨D¤H许º@¡^´N¥²须·Óú¦还º@¡A¦pªG还º@¦³¬Æ¤\问题¡A¤H¤£¯à¾Õ¦Û§ó§ï¥ô¦ó细节¡A¥²须§v从¯«¥ô©Rªº²½¥q«ü¥Ü¡A强调¦b·q«ô¨Æ±¡¤W¡A·q«ôªÌªº动Éó©M¥D动©TµM宝贵¡A¦ý³Ì«nªº¤´¬O¯«ªº¥D权¡A¥²须¦X¯«¤ß·N¦Ó«D单凭热诚·q«ô¡C
19 参J.J. Davis,
Paradise to Prison, (Baker, 1975), p.217; C. Westermann, Genesis 12-36(Augsburg,
1985) pp.357-358.
20 G.L. Archer, Encyclopedia of Bible
Difficulties, (Zondervan 1982), p.96.
21 参ª`19¡B20.
22 J.J. Davis, Conquest and Crisis,
(Baker, 1969), pp.124-128; ¦ÓC.J. Goslinga, Joshua, Judges, Ruth,
(Zondervan, 1986) pp.391-396¦³«D±`«È观©M详细ªº讨论¡C
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«ö·Ó这样ªº¤å学结ÌÛ¡A¤Q¤À¤@¬O属¤_C©M华¤§ª«¡A¥¿¦p头¥Í¬¹¯b¤@样¡A¤£¥i¦A¤À别为Éo¡]26节¡^¡A§Y¤£¯à®³来©^献¡A¦]为将¤Q¤À¤@¥æ给²½¥q¥u¬O¥æ¥X属¤_C©M华¤§ª«¡A¬O²z©Ò当µMªº责¥ô¡A¤£¯àºâ为从¦Û¤v拥¦³ªºª««~¤¤¥X¦Û¥Ì¤ß乐·Nªº©^献¡C©Ò¥H严®æ来说¡A§Q¥¼记©M旧约ªº¤Q¤À¤@¤£¥i称为©^献¡C
(2)历¥vI´º¤è±¡A¦b¥j¥Nªñ东ªº国际¬Fªv坛¤¤¡A¦s¦b类¦ü¤Q¤À¤@ªº¨î«×¡A¬O±f¥Á©Îªþ±e国¦V·ù¥D§g¤ýªº¨Ñ©^©Î进贡¡A约·æ¦b®J¤Îº¥ý´£¤Î¦Ê©m¨C¦~¦Vªk¦Ñ¥æ¤¤À¤@§@为¦a税¡]创¥|¤Q¤C24¡^¡A¨Æ实¦A¦时´Á¤Ú¤ñ伦¤w经¦³§g¤ý¦V¤H¥Á©º¦¬¤Q¤À¤@ªº规举¡A23乌¥[¨½ªº¤å献¤¤¡A¤]记载国际©Êªº¤Q¤À¤@进贡习惯¡C24«ö¦¸经玛¥[¤ñ³ü书¤Q31¡A¤Q¤@35¡Aµy¦Z时´Áªº叙§Q亚¤]实¦æ¤Q¤À¤@ªº©º税¡A这Ïúªñ东I´º¦ü¥G·t¥Ü旧约ªº¤Q¤À¤@¤]¬O¦V§g¤ý缴纳ªº税项¡A¦Ó«D¥Ì¤ß乐·Nªº©^献¡C
(3)旧约经¤å¤è±¡A°£¤F·q«ô条¨Òªº¤Q¤À¤@«ü¥Ü¥~¡A¨ä¥¦经¤åÉOªñ东ªº资®Æ¤@样¡A¬O¬Fªv©M经济©Êªº±¹¬I¡C亚§B©Ô¨u¦bÐ`§Q¦Z将¤Q¤À¤@©^给麦°ò¬~¼w¡]创¤Q¥|18-20¡^¡A虽µM麦°ò¬~¼w¬O¤@¦ì²½¥q¡A¦ý¥L¤]¬O¤@¦ì§g¤ý¡AÉo经´yz麦°ò¬~¼w¥ý´£¥L¬O¤ý¡AµM¦Z¤~说¥L¬O²½¥q¡A显¥Ü创¥@记ªº«点¬O§Î®e麦°ò¬~¼w§g¤ýªº¬Fªv©Ê¦a¦ì¡C©Ò¥H亚§B©Ô¨u给¥L¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¤£¯à说¬O©^献¡C¶®¦U´¿说n将¤Q¤À¤@献给¯«¡]创¤Ü¤K22¡^¡A¦ý¶®¦U¬O将¤Q¤À¤@许º@¡A¦Z来¥L为¯«设坛还º@¡]创¤Ê¤1-8¡^¡A©Ò¥H这¬O属¤_¥»³¹«e¥b¬q许º@ªº条¨ÒS围¡A¦Ó¤£¥i¥H§@为¤Q¤À¤@ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¼»¥À¦Õ¦b¥H¦â¦C¥HWWn¨D¥ß¤ý时¡A²M·¡§i诉¥L们¡A将来ªº¤ý¦b§A们ªº粮¹©M¸²µå园©Ò¥Xªº¡A¥L¥²¨ú¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡K¡K§A们ªº¦Ïúó¥L¥²¨ú¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡]¼»¤W¤K15¡B17¡^¡A²@无ºÃ问¡A这¨½ªº¤Q¤À¤§¤@¬O©º税纳粮¡Cªü¼¯¥q´£¨ì为¤ý³Îµæ¡]¼¯¤C1¡^¡A¬Ý来¬O«ü¥H¦â¦C¤H将农§@ª«³¡¥÷ªº¦¬¦¨°e给¤ý§@类¦ü¤Q¤À¤§¤@ªº纳粮¡C¦Ó¦b¥H¦è结ªºÉݶH¤¤¡A将来ªº²z·Q§g¤ý¥²±µ¨ü¤Q¤À¤@ªº进贡¡]结¥|¤Q¤7-17¡^¡A虽µM这¤ý²@无ºÃ问¬O«ü¥½¤é将来ªº弥赛亚¡A¦ý这ÉݶH却¥Î¬Fªv©Êªº词¥y´yz¡A©Ò¥H¤Q¤À¤@´N¬O¦V¤ý¥æ税¡C¦b³Q掳归¦^ªº时´Á¡A¥§§Æ¦Ì将¤Q¤À¤@¦¬¤J库©Ð¡A¦C¤J为¨C¦~®½给Éo·µ¨Ï¥Îªº费¥Î¡]¥§¤Q32¡B37¡^¡C¬JµM¤Q¤À¤@¦b«ßªk书¥~°ò¥»ªº·N义¬O¤½¥Á¦V§g¤ý¬F©²ªº缴税责¥ô¡A©Ò¥H¦b³Ì´¶¹M©M©ú显±Ð导¤Q¤À¤@ªº玛¤T8-10¡A称©I¤Q¤À¤@为当纳ªº¡A¦Ó¤£ªÖ将¤Q¤À¤@¥þµM°e¤J仓库´N¬O夺¨ú¯«ªºª«¡A这样¬Ý来¡A玛©Ô°ò¥ýª¾¦}«D¬Ý¤Q¤À¤@为«H®{称©Iªº©^献¡C
23 M. Jastrow, The Religion of Babylonia and
Assyria, (1898) p.668.
24 罗兰¼w´I¡A¥j经¤§风«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡Ap.183.
2.¤Q¤À¤@ªº¥Øªº©M数¥Ø
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§Ú©Ò¦³ªº¥S§Ì©M§Úªº©v±Ú®³¥±¥L¨½¥þ®a¡A³£¦V¥H¦â¦C¤ýC罗ªi¦w¡A¦b¾aªñ¥[§Q§Q¤s区ªº¦ý©Ò«Ø¥ßªº¤û犊举¦æ²½献¡C°ß¦³§Ú¤@¤H«ö·Ó给¥H¦â¦C©Ò规©wªº¥Ã¤[ªk«ß¡A¨C³{庆节¡A±`¨ìC¸ô¼»§N¥h¡C§Ú带ú¦ªì¼ôªº¥Ð产¡A头Lªº¯b¬¹¡A¤°¤@ªº¬¹¯b©Mªì°Åªº¦Ï¤ò¡A«æ³t«e©¹C¸ô¼»§N¡A¥æ给亚伦ªº¦Z¸Ç²½¥q们¡A¥H§@²½«~¡C§Ú¤S§â¤Q¤À¤§¤@ªº麦¤l¡B°s¡Bªo¡B¥Ûºh¡B无ªáªG¡A¥H¤Î¨ä§Eªºµw壳ªG实°e给¦bC¸ô¼»§N¨Ñ职ªº§Q¥¼¦Z¸Ç¡F¤S将¤»¦~内应缴纳ªº²Ä¤GÏú¤°¤@税变为ª÷钱¡A§@§Ú¨C¦~¦bC¸ô¼»§N时ªº费¥Î¡C¦¹¥~¡A§Ú还带¥h²Ä¤TÏú¤°¤@¤§ª«¡A¬IªÙ给©t¤I¹è妇©M¨º¨Ç¨Ìªþ¥H¦â¦C¤l¥Áªº¥~¤è¤H¡C§Ú¨C¤T¦~¬IªÙ¤@¦¸¡A¦}¥B§Ú们还¤@°_»EÀ\¡G这¬O¼¯¦èªk«ß规©wªº©R¥O¡C
¦hÚ亚ªº¦æ动¦}«D绝无仅¦³¡A约·æ¤Ò¦b¥LªºµÛ§@犹¤Ó¥j¥v¡A¨÷¥|8.22¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº记载¡G
°£¤F¨C¦~献¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤G¡A¨ä¤¤¤Q¤À¤§¤@为§Q¥¼¤H¡A¤Q¤À¤§¤@为¦u节¤§¥Î¥H¥~¡A§A们n¦b²Ä¤T¦~n献¤W²Ä¤T个¤Q¤À¤§¤@给贫穷¤H©M©t¤I¹è妇¡CªG¤l¤]¬On¤@样¤À°t¡A§âªì¼ôªº®³¨ìÉo·µ¡A赞¬ü¯«赐¤U¤g¦a为业¡A献¤F²½¡A¨D¯«赐ºÖ这¦a¤g¤§¦Z¡A«K将ªG¤l献给²½¥q¡C¤HY办§¹¤F这¨Ç¨Æ¡A¤]献¤W¤F¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¥L¦^®a¤§«e¡An¯¸¦bÉo©Ò¦V¯«·P®¦¡A¦]为¯«±Ï§A们¥X®J¤Î©M赐¦n¤g¦a¨Ï§A们¥i¥H¨É¨ü¨ä¤¤ªºªG¤l¡C§A们n¤½开ªí¥Ü¥L¤w献¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤@©M¨ä¥¦²½ª«¡A¦}¨D¯«¥Ã远¥H·O爱®¦´f«Ý¥L©M¤@¤Á§Æ§B来¤H¡A¤£单¥u«O¦s¥L现¦b¦³ªº¡A§ón¦h¦h¥[给§A们¡C
ªñ¥N学ªÌ¥]®æ纳(Joseph M.
Baumgarter)认为¤Q¤À¤@ ƒâƒÓƒuƒËƒÍƒÝƒu ma`sar®Ú¥»¤£¬O¤@个¦Ê¤À¤ñªº数¥Ø¡A¦Ó¬O举²½ªº¤@个¦W称¡A28¥Á¤Q¤K24说¤Q¤À¤@´N¬O献给C©M华为举²½ªº¡A¥N¤U¤Ê¤@12¨Ñª«©M¤Q¤À¨ú¤@¤§ª«参·Ó¦P³¹²Ä5¡B6节¡A¥u´£¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¥i见§Æ§B来¤å©M ƒçƒÍ w# ¬O¸Ñ释ªº缀¨t¦r(copulative
explicativum)¡A29说©ú¥»节ªº¨Ñª«¤D«ü¤Q¤À¤@¡C¤C¤Q¤h译¥»¤]将¤Q¤À¤@§@献²½ªº称©I¡A¼»¤W¤@21§ÆÛK¤åªº译¤å¦b¦VC©M华献¦~²½¦}还©Ò许ªºº@¤§¦Z¥[¤W§Y¡] ƒÛƒÑƒÙ ©Î§@©M30¡^¥L©Ò¦³¤g产ªº¤Q¤À¤@¡C©Ò¥H玛©Ô°ò书¤T8将¤Q¤À¤@©M举²½¡]©M¦X¥»当献ªº¨Ñª«ªº§Æ§B来¤å ƒØƒÝƒ«ƒÇƒâƒäƒÍ t#ru^ma{h ¡A¤¤¤å³q±`½译为举²½¡^¦}¦C¡A¦Ó©M ƒçƒÍ ¤]¥i¯à¦P样¬O¸Ñ释ªº缀¦r¡A说©ú¤Q¤À¤@§Y举²½ªº¥t¤@¦W称¡CPhilo31©M约·æ¤Ò32¤Ï¬M这实¦b¬O犹¤Ó传统ªº·N见¡C
¦Ü¤_数¥Ø¤è±¡A邓©s®í(M.A. Dandamajew)详细将¤Q¤À¤@¤Ú¤ñ伦¤å献¬Ûµ¥ªº税®½
es%ru/es%re{tu ¤ñ较¡A«ü¥X这¦W词¬O¤@个税项ªº¦W称¡A©º¦¬¶W过¦Ê¤À¤§¤Qªº数¥Ø¡A33¨F劳®³(E. Salonen)进¤@¨B补¥R苏Àq(Sumerian)ªº资®Æ¡A强调©Ò谓¤Q¤À¤@ªº数¥Ø¤D«ö阶级°ª§C¦Ó缴¥I¤£¦Pªº数¥Ø¡A34©Ò¥H»C计ÉE(H. Jagersma)认为旧约ªº¤Q¤À¤@¤]¬O¬Û¦Pªº±¡况¡A¼»¤W¤K11-17ªº¤Q¤À¤@¬O©º«税ªº·N«ä¡A数¥Ø¥²©w¶W过¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¡C35
25 J. Ridderbos, Deuteronomy, (Zondervan,
1984), p.180; P.C. Craigie, The Book of Deuteronomy, p.232.
26 ð¦ö¤§¡A¿¬µ¾¡]¥Ó©R记¬ã读¡^¡]证¹D¡A1983¡^, p.69.
27 请参¦Òð¦ö¤§¡A爱ÉO责¡]°ò¹D¡A1982¡^, pp.79-80.
28 Joseph M. Baumgarter, "On The Non-Literal
Use of ?? MA'AS*ER/DE- ?? KATE", JBL 103(1984): 245-261.
29 GK ¡±154 a note(b).
30 §ÆÛK¤å ƒ¯ƒ¯ƒnƒÛƒÑƒÙƒnƒn¥i¥H¦³ú¦§Æ§B来¤åƒçƒÍ waw¸Ñ释ªº缀¨t¦rexplanatoryªº¬Û¦P¥\¥Î¡F参·s约§ÆÛK¤å¤¤¤å词¨å¡Ap.311¡]¤E¡^.
31 De Virtutibus 95; De Specialibus 1. 156; ^¤å½译¥i参F.H.
Colson, Philo, (Harvard University Press, 1960).
32 犹¤Ó¥j¥v¡A¨÷¥|4.3; 8.8, 22.
33 M.A. Dandamajew, "Der Tempelzehnte in
Babylonien ?? wa/hrend ?? des 6-4. Jh. v. uZ", ?? Beitra/ge zur Alten
Geschichte und deren Nachleben, Festschrift fu/r
Franz Altheim 1, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1969)82-90.
34 E. Salonen, "Ueber den Zehnten in alten
Mesopotamien", Studia Orientalia XLIII: 4(Helsinki, 1972): 43.
35 H. Jagersma, "The Tithes in the Old
Testament", OTS 21(1981): 116-128.
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¦b旧约历¥v书¤¤¡A虽µM¥u¦³¤@¦¸记载¡A§Æ¦è®a¤ýªº©v±ÐÎ`兴¤¤¡A§h©J¦¬¨ú¤Q¤À¤@¡]¥N¤U¤Ê¤@5-19¡^¡A¦ý¦Û从¤júÒ开©l¡AÉo·µªº»Ý¥Î¤w¥Ñ¤ý库负责¡A©Ò¥H¤Q¤À¤@¤j·§¬O¬F©²税¦¬ªº¤@项¡A数¶q¤]¤£¥²¬O个¤H¦¬¤Jªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¡A¥i¯à¦b¬F库税¦¬¤¤«öÉo·µ©Ò»Ý拨¥X¤@个¦Ê¤À²v¡C§Æ¦è®a时ªº¤Q¤À¤@¦³¤@¨Ç¯S别ªº¦a¤è¡A«~Ïú¤è±¡A°£¤F¥H«e经¤å¦C举ªºª««~¥~¡A还¥[²K»eªº¤@个项¥Ø¡C¦Ü¤_数¶q¤è±¡A¥²©w¶W过¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¡A¦]为¥H¦â¦C¤H¥æ来ªº¤Q¤À¤@¬O¦h¦h°e来¡K¡K°e来ªºÌå¦h¡K¡K积¦¨°ï栈¡K¡K³Ñ¤Uªº¬Æ¦h¡K¡K³Ñ¤Uªº¤~这样¤¥²±¡]5¡B7¡B10节¡^¡A©Ò¥H§Æ¦è®a§h©J¦b·µ¨½预备仓©Ð¦¬ÂáA§@Éo·µ经±`经费¡C这¤j·§¬O玛¤T10§h©Jn将当纳ªº¤Q¤À¤@°e¤J仓库ªºI´º¡C无论¦p¦ó¡A¥»¬q¦P样强调¥L们ªº¤Q¤À¤@¬O诚¤ß©M乐·N献ªº¡]12¡B14节¡^¡A¦Ó§Q¥¼¤Hªº职责´N¬OºÞ²z这¨Ç诚¤ß乐·Nªº¨Ñª«¡]15节¡A©M¦X¥»¨Ñ紧nªº职¥ô§Æ§B来¤å¥u¬O ƒØƒÞƒ«ƒÇƒÝƒÑƒ® ~#mu^na{h ¡A§Yl2节ªº诚¤ß¡^¡C37这¬qÉo经¦h¦¸说©ú¤Q¤À¤@着«内¤ß态«×过¤_ª««~质¶q¡C
¦Ü¤_旧约§E¤Uªº¤G处经¤å¡A¥§¤Q37°ò¥»«Î`¥N¤U¤Ê5-19ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¥u¬OÏú类¤W¥[¤Wªì¼ô麦¤l©Ò¿iªº±¡C玛¤T8-12¥i说¬O旧约¤Q¤À¤@±Ð导ªº总结¡A这¬q没¦³¦C¥X¥ô¦óª««~¦W称¡A¦ý说©ú¬O当献ªº¨Ñª«©M当纳ªº¡A¦Ü¤_数¶q¤è±¡A¤]没¦³²M·¡¸Ñ©ú¡A却强调¥²须¥þµM¡A¡u§Yn¨D¥L们·Ó¯«ªº¦®·N¦Ó纳¡C¡v38
36 ·s约§ÆÛK¤å¤¤¤å辞¨å¡Ap. 24; Liddell and
Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed.(Oxford University Press, 1940)
p.56;A. Barnes, Barne's Note, vol. 9, (Baker, 1949) p.155; Anchor Bible½书§@a tenth of
his choice.
37 «ä°ª译¥»§@ª««~¡C
38 陈终¹D¡A¤p¥ýª¾书讲义¡]¤U¡^¡]¤Ñ¹D1984¡^, p.247.
4.·s约±Ð训
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C稣´¿经讲论¤Q¤À¤@¡G§A们将Á¡²ü¡B¯õ»¡Bªàµæ献¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¨º«ßªk¤W§ó«nªº¨Æ¡A´N¬O¤½义¡BÌ°悯¡B«H实¤Ïˤ£¦æ¤F¡A这§ó«ªº¬O§A们当¦æªº¡A¨º¤]¬O¤£¥i¤£¦æªº¡]¤Ó¤Ü¤T23¡^¡C¦ã°ò·s(Archer)«ü¥X¡A¥»节³Ì¦Z¤@¥y¨º¦rªº§ÆÛK¤å¬O众数¡A«ü¥ý«e¦C¥Xªº¨º¨Ç¤Q¤À¤§¤@ªº©^献¬O¥²须¦æªº¡C39©Ò¥H·s译¥»这两¥yªºÂ½译¬O¡G这¨Ç§ó«nªº¬O§A们应当§@ªº¡A¦ý¨ä¥¦ªº¤]¤£¥i©¿²¤¡C¦ã°ò·s认为¡A¬JµMC稣¦b¨ü难«eªº¤L¤Ñ¡A¤´说¥²须¿í¦æ¡A©Ò¥H¤Q¤À¤@¬O«H®{ªº责¥ô¡C¦ý这¤£¥i¤Ó强调¡A¦]为C稣讨论¤Q¤À¤@ªº¥Øªº¬O§å§P犹¤Ó±Ðªºªk§Q赛¤H¡A¦}¤£¹³µn¤s宝训ªº±Ð训¨º样²M·¡说©ú¬O对«H®{ªºì则±Ð训¡C©Ò¥HC稣¦P·Nªk§Q赛¤H¦æ¤Q¤À¤@¡A¤£µ¥¤_n¨D«H®{¦P样¿í¦æ¡C¨Ï®{¦æ传C¸ô¼»§N会议ªº决议¡]®{¤Q¤28¡^¡A¤£将犹¤Ó¤H旧约ªº«ß¨Ò¦¨为¥~¨¹¤Hªº«担¡A²M·¡说©ú旧约¤Q¤À¤@ªº条¨Ò¦b·s约ªº±Ð会¤¤¦}¤£Óì¥Î¡C
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1.¤Q¤À¤@¥O¤H产¥Í误会¡A¥H为©^献着«数¶q¡A«D±`®e©ö«ÁÐ犹¤Ó±ÐÂÐ辙¡A沦为«ßªk¥D义¡A¥H数¶q©M¦æ动评¦ô©^献ªºÉ²È¡C2.旧约¤Q¤À¤@¬O§@为Éo¤u经费ªº¤@个统称¡A这¬O§@为旧约¥H¦â¦C¤Hªí¥Ü尽责ªº¤@个´£议¡A¦Ó¤£¬O缴¥I¤§实¦b¦Ê¤À¤ñªº数¥Ø¡C¬JµM¯«¦b·s约²M·¡ªí©úÍ¢ªº¤ß·N¡A¬On«H®{将¨Ê^献¤W当§@¬¡²½¡]罗¤Q¤G1¡^¡A«O罗«ü¥X§A¦³¬Æ¤\¤£¬O领¨üªº©O¡]ªL«e¥|7¡^¡A¬JµM¥þ³¡³£¤£¬O¦Û¤v拥¦³ªº¡A´N¤£¯à单¥H¤Q¤À¤@为属¯«¤§ª«¡A¨ä¥¦³£¬O¦Û¤vªº¡C
©Ò¥H论¨ì为Éo¤uªº©^献¡A«O罗说¡G¬O«öú¦¤O¶q¡A¦Ó¥B¤]过¤F¤O¶q¡A¦Û¤v¥Ì¤ß乐·Nªº®½§U¡K¡K·Óú¦¯«ªº¦®·N¡A¥ý§â¦Û¤v献给¥D¡]ªL¦Z¤K3-5¡^¡C¤£错¡A©^献ªº数¥Ø¤£¬O³Ì«nªº¦]¯À¡A¦U¤Hn随¥»¤ß©Ò°u©wªº¡A¤£n§@难¡A¤£n«j强¡A¦]为®½±o乐·Nªº¤H¡A¬O¯«©Ò³ß爱ªº¡]ªL¦Z¤E7¡^¡CµM¦Ó¡u¤°¤@©^献虽¬O«ßªkªº标ã¡A«H®{¤£¦b«ßªk¤§¤U¡A¦Ó¦b®¦¨å¤§¤U¡A®¦¨å¤§¤U¡A¥²¦b«ßªk¤§¤W¡C®¦¨åªº标ã应该¶W过«ßªkªº¡A¦³§ó°ªªº标ã¤~¦X¥G¯«ªº¤ß·N¡C¡v42
39 G.L. Archer, Jr., "Please Explain", Decision,
August, 1980, p.14.
40 关¤_旧约叙z¤å学ªº释经n点¥i参Gordon D. Fee
and Douglas Stuart, How To Read The Bible For All Its Worth, (Zondervan,
1981) pp.73-86; R. de Vaux, "Method in the Study of Early Hebrew
History", in J.P. Hyatt ed., The Bible in Modern Scholarship,
(Abingdon, 1965) pp.15-36; S. Greidanus, Sola Scriptura : Problems &
Principles in Preaching Historical Texts, (J.H. Kok, 1970); J. Bright, The
Authority of The Old Testament(Abingdon, 1967)esp. pp.182-212.
41 关¤_¦´Á±Ð会对¤Q¤À¤@ªº·N见请参Lukas
Vischer, Tithing In The Early Church, (Fortress, 1966).
42 ð¦ö¤§¡A爱ÉO责¡Ap.85.
参¦Ò书¥Ø
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¤B¨}¤~¡C§Q¥¼记ª`释¡C证¹D¡C1956¡C
¤R¬¥§J¡C旧约´¼¼z诗ºq书导论¡C华¯«¡C1984¡C
¤Ñ¹D¤j众Éo经¦Ê¬ì¥þ书¡C¤Ñ¹D¡C1989¡C×订ª©¡C
¤ý¦u¤¯¡C¡u应¥Î¡mÉo经¡n§@伦²z§à择¡v¡A华¤H¯«学´Á¥Z¡C²Ä¤@¨÷¡A²Ä¤@´Á¡C1986: 52-53¡C
¤Ú顿¡C旧约¯«学¡CÏú¬ó¡C1987¡C
¤¤国¯«学¬ã¨s°|编¡CÉo经¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡Dª`释¥»¡C证¹D¤Î¤¤¯«¡C
¤Ú´µ¼w¡CÉo经¬ã¨s¡C¨÷¤@¡CÏú¬ó¡C1975¡C
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III¡@^¤å书¥Z
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